Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.
The great white shark is larger, faster, and more dangerous than most. It can (51)______ a length of 20 feet and weigh 70,000 pounds. Though its preferred diet is seals and dolphins, (52)____ this fearsome fish regularly attacks almost any type of warm-blooded animal. In its snout are small holes that lead to receptors. These receptors (53)_____ electrical nerve signals in the prey. The shark also has other sensors that detect blood in the water. Very rare in tropical or polar regions, great whites patrol mainl. temperate ocean coastlines. The body is designed for efficiency in the water It is broad in the middle and tapered (54)______ the ends for streamlined movement. Winglike pectoral fins provide lift and stability. Oil stored in the liver adds goyancy. The tail fins are vertical and (55)________ as a rudda Amazingly it never (56)______ swimming.
All sharks are fish and most are carnivores. The great while is Esc world's largest predatory shark. The whale shark is nearly twice as big, but like a baleen whale, eats mainly plankton. The blue whale is the largzst known mammal to ever (57)________. Its size ranges from 70 to 100 feet in length and up to 125 tons in weight (250,000 pounds). (58)________its enormity, the blue whale lives on hill, a tiny crustacean, and other plank tonic organisms. An adult ingests 3-4 tons of krill per day. This is done by scooping up large quantities of water containing hill with its huge mouth. In its mouth are not teeth, but rather a series of sheets, similar in consistency to our fingernails, (59)_______that serve as a filtering system. These sheets, or baleen, grow from the roof of the mouth, ranging from smooth to brushlike. Blue whales have been hunted relentlessly in the past for their blubber and oil. As a result they were nearly hunted to (60)____and still remain on the endangered animal list.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
In the United States and other developed countries, air-conditioning is so common that it is difficult to remember what life was like before it existed. First invented in 1902 in Buffalo, New York, air-conditioning keeps homes, cars, offices, and shopping centers cool and dry, all at the push of a button. While many may consider air-conditioning one of life's necessary luxuries, few are aware of how air-conditioning has changed many aspects of the way we now live. One of the first areas where air-conditioning had an impact was in industry. In the early 1900s factory owners began tc use air-conditioning to create better conditions for the storage of supplies. Before long,- however, they realized that air-conditioning was also useful on the factory floor, as it resulted in higher production levels. Air-conditioning has undoubtedly been an important factor in the growth of industry, since it allows ma cturing to continue at the same pace year round even in the warmest climates.
Air-conditioning next became common in movie theaters, offices. and stores. Then, after the end of the Second World War, smaller, less expensive air-conditioning units became available, and this made air-conditioning affordable for private homes. Many of the returning soldiers and their new families moved to the suburbs outside America's major cities with a desire to put the war behind them and live the good life. Air-condi "oned homes were part of that life, and this led to a number of li imporn t changes in American society. One big change was in architecture Form ly, homes were built with high ceilings and second stories so that hot air could rise away from main living areas in the summer. With air-conditioning, inexpensive one-level homes could be kept cool in the hottest weather. Additionally, many homes once had front porches where American families gathered in the evening to escape the heat. Family members could talk to each other and to neighbors or passersby. With air-conditioning. however, porches disappeared from new houses and people moved indoors instead. Along with other factors, such as the invention of television, this led to a weakening of Americans' sense of community.
The rise of air-conditioning also allowed the creation of large mall with shops, walkways, movie theaters, and restaurants that are comfortable the year round. In suburban America in the second half of the twentieth century, the air-conditioned mall became the preferred place to go for shopping or for an afternoon's entertainment. Shoppers stopped going to tit; town and city centers, which led to the closing of many small family-owned businesses, and to the general decline of downtown areas.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Cell Phones in Africa
Starting time the African continent is home to some of the poorest countries on earth, where people struggle to feed their families on less than $2.00 a day. Nevertheless, Africa is also the world's fastest growing market for cell phones. Cell phones have brought twenty-first century technology to villages where people light their huts with candles and walk hours to find drinking water. Some experts think cell phones will improve life for the 680 million Africans more than any other invention of our time. Why are cell phones spreading so rapidly in Africa?
One reason is simply that other forms of communication are difficult. The roads are terrible in many countries, making travel lengthy and expensive. Regular phones require lines to be laid across Africa's vast - jungles and deserts. Cell phones, however, send their signals from towers, which can easily be constructed by hand, sometimes out of leftover pieces of metal. Furthermore, with the difficult economic situation in many African countries, cell phones can be extremely useful. Many Africans have had to move far from their home villages to look for work. With a cell phone, they can call hregularly and keep in touch or even send money. It is also possible in some countries to make purchases or bank deposits with cell phones. People who run small businesses can use the phones to send in orders or keep in touch with customers. Others can make money selling phone time to those who don't have a cell phone of their own.
Recent studies have shown that where cell phone use has increased in Africa, the economy has been strengthened and the people are better off. In Uganda, for example, a charity group has started a new program with Uganda's largest cell phone company. The program, called villagePhone, helps village women get started as phone owners. The women borrow small amounts of money from banks connected to villagePhone and then use that loan money to buy a phone and some calling minutes. Then they can sell phone time in the village to people without phones. In very little time, these women are usually able to repay the money they have borrowed. A • 0 such woman named Fatima had a small shop in her Ugandan village whe she sold household goods and food to support her four children. In the p Fatima rarely had enough money to buy things to sell in her store and so s made very little money from her business. B • However, she realized there was a need for a telephone in her village, since the closest phone was 6.7 miles (4 km) away. She bought a phone with a loan from villagePhone and ran it off an automobile battery. Since starting her villagePhone business, Fatima's income has grown. What's more, her store is now a center of village life. Fatima's story is like many throughout Uganda. C • And for each woman with a phone, a whole village has access to new services new economic possibilities. A similar program has started in neighboring Rwanda. Soon women there will be using cell phones to raise their income level and improve their lives. D •