Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word to each of the blanks from 36 to 45.
Good press photographers must have an "eye" for news, just as journalists must have a "nose" for a good story. They must be able to interpret a story and decide rapidly how they can (36)_______of the best opportunities to take pictures. The most difficult part of a press photographer’s job is that he or she has to be able to (37)____ a complicated situation with just one photograph. They rarely have second chances and must be able to take the required (38)_____ very quickly. Indeed, speed is essential - if the photographs are not ready for the printing deadline. they are very unlikely to be of any use.
Most press photographers begin work with a local newspaper. There, the (39)_______ is mostly for material of regional interest. Photographers may be expected to photograph a lot of unexciting events but to (40)______the enthusiasm to put something special’ into every picture.
There is (41)____competition among those who want to move from local to national newspapers. Here, the work is much more centred on news. The photographer must work (42)______greater pressure and take more responsibility. Only highly reliable, talented and resourceful photographers (43)______this difficult move. The vvork is tough and can be dangerous. On an overseas assignment, photographers may have to cope with unfamiliar food and accommodation, physical and mental stress, and (44)_____difficulty in transporting the pictures from an isolated area to get them to the newspaper (45)_____. They also have to beat the competition from other publications.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 55.
There are two basic types of glaciers. those that flow outvvard in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confirmed by terrain to a particular path.
The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, approximately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.
About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in Southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States, It was about 3 kilometers deep in its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of sliapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landfrom that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somevvhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristie circular shape. The ice of vallcy glaciers. bound by terrain. flows down valleys. curves around their corners. and falls over cliffs.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct anstwer to each of the questions from 56 to 65.
The first two decades of the 20th century were doininated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scouraes of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some lerrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamin, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930’s, nutrition became a Science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940’s and 1950’s, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for Health. They discovered that key enzymes in inetabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenxymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and fuction. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage. You are aware that the enzyme hunters have becn replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes - the blueprints for each of the enzymes - and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases — diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agricullure, biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.
In view of the inexorable progress in Science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaeed in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our warning century and in the early decades of the riext? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.