Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.

People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups, we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.

Câu 420226: Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2?

A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally met cooperate.

B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties

C. Instrumental ties involve companionship, security, love, and acceptance.

D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant.

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Câu hỏi : 420226

Phương pháp giải:

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Đáp án : A
(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Câu nào sau đây có thể được suy ra về mối quan hệ tư lợi từ đề cập của tác giả về làm việc với các nhà cạnh tranh trong đoạn 2?

A. Mối quan hệ công cụ có thể phát triển ngay cả trong trường hợp mà mọi người thường gặp để hợp tác.

B. Mối quan hệ công cụ đòi hỏi sự đầu tư cảm xúc nhiều như là mối quan hệ tình cảm.

C. Mối quan hệ công cụ liên quan đến sự đồng hành, đảm bảo, tình yêu và sự chấp thuận.

D. Mối quan hệ công cụ nên được mong là quan trọng.

Thông tin: Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal.

Tạm dịch: Mối quan hệ công cụ là mối liên hệ xã hội được hình thành khi chúng ta hợp tác với người khác để đạt được một vài mục tiêu.

Chọn A.

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