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Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12

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Bài 36:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of systems of living things) and tourism. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of the local people“. Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a responsible way. lt is a big business, and the allure of money can cause people to think about profits first. While ecotourism offers benefits for people and ecosystem, it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects, too.

Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony, and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been created. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks, largely thanks to ecotourism. Nonetheless, due to the number of people visiting the country’s natural places, some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.

While tourists can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been totally destroyed by industries such as farming, logging, or mining, instead, sanctuaries have been created, keeping the ecosystem protected. And, by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their value, and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.

Unfortunately, while their effects may not be noticeable in the off-season, the constant procession of visitors in the high seasons can be damaging. At one national park in Costa Rica. wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists. Furthermore, ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants, pressuring the most delicate of living things.

Controlling abuses isn’t easy. Corruption can lead officials to tolerate ecological damage. For example. a large resort facility. normally not allowed near a sanctuary, might be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government. Limited resources are another issue. Areas of forests and beaches that l would require an army to protect are often watched by several employees.

It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry, but it is important to be positive as well. Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can’t expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem. It is also unrealistic to think that humans won’t go anywhere accessible to them. if protection efforts are maintained and intensified, those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed, but they won’t be destroyed.

 

Câu hỏi số 1:

Which statement best summarizes the author’s point of view?

Câu hỏi số 2:

Which change has NOT occurred in Costa Rica since the introduction of ecotourism?

Câu hỏi số 3:

The word “allure” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______

Câu hỏi số 4:

What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

Câu hỏi số 5:

The word “off-season” in paragraph 4 refers to_____

Câu hỏi số 6:

According to paragraph 5, why is it difficult to control abuses of ecotourism?

Câu hỏi số 7:

Into which paragraph could the following sentence best be inserted? "ln this way, the children of future generations can learn respect for nature.”

Câu hỏi số 8:

The word “corruption” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______

Câu hỏi số 9:

 The phrase "an army" in paragraph 5 could best be replaced by____

Câu hỏi số 10:

Why does the author probably think it is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry?

Bài 37:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.

The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice Floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly. except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderate climate, would be notably absent.

Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climate extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse of minerals which has been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world, these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea. and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast.

Notes:

- hydrosphere (n): ( địa lý, địa chất) thủy quyền

Câu hỏi số 1:

The author’s main purpose in this passage is to______

Câu hỏi số 2:

The phrase "This vast amount” in paragraph 1 refers to________

Câu hỏi số 3:

The word “replenish” in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by_______

Câu hỏi số 4:

According to the passage. fish can survive in the oceans because_______

Câu hỏi số 5:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water?

Câu hỏi số 6:

The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_____

Câu hỏi số 7:

According to the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT_____

Câu hỏi số 8:

The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as_______

Câu hỏi số 9:

The writer organizers the passage by_______

Câu hỏi số 10:

Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?

Bài 38:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Rachel Carson was born in 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania. She studied biology in college and zoology at Johns Hopkins University, where she received her master's degree in 1933. In 1936, she was hired by the US Fish and wildlife service, where she worked most of her life.

Carson’s first book, Under the Sea Wind, was published in 1941. It received excellent reviews, but sales were poor until it was reissued in 1952. In that year, she published The Sea Around Us. which provided a fascinating look beneath the ocean‘s surface, emphasizing human history as well as geology and marine biology. Her imagery and language had a poetic quality. Carson consulted no less than 1,000 printed sources. She had voluminous correspondence and frequent discussions with experts in the field. However, she always realized the limitations of her non-technical readers.

In 1962, Carson published Silence Spring, a book that sparked considerable controversy. It proved how much harm was done by the uncontrolled, reckless use of insecticides. She detailed how they poison the food supply of animals, kill birds, and contaminate human food. At that time, spokesmen for the chemical industry mounted personal attacks against Carson and issued propaganda to indicate that her findings were flawed. However, her work was vindicated by a 1963 report of the President’s Science Advisory Committee.

Notes:

- vindicate (v): minh oan, chứng minh là đúng

- propaganda (n): sự tuyên truyền

Câu hỏi số 1:

The passage mainly discuss Rachel Carson's work_____

Câu hỏi số 2:

According to the passage, what did Carson primarily study at John Hopkins University?

Câu hỏi số 3:

When she published her first book, Carson was closest to the age of____

Câu hỏi số 4:

It can be inferred from the passage that in 1952, Carson‘s book Under the Sea Wind_____

Câu hỏi số 5:

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a source of information for The Sea Around Us?

Câu hỏi số 6:

Which of the following words or phrases is least accurate in describing The Sea Around Us?

Câu hỏi số 7:

The word “reckless” is closest in meaning to_____

Câu hỏi số 8:

According to the passage, Silence Spring is primarily_____

Câu hỏi số 9:

 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “flawed”?

Câu hỏi số 10:

Why does the author of the passage mention the report of the President’s Science Advisory Committee?

Bài 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate. and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

Câu hỏi số 1:

In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is_____

Câu hỏi số 2:

The phrase “held back” in paragraph 1 means_______

Câu hỏi số 3:

The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the pupils’_____

Câu hỏi số 4:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Câu hỏi số 5:

 The author‘s purpose of writing this passage is to_____

Câu hỏi số 6:

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

Câu hỏi số 7:

According to the passage, which of the following is an advantage of mixed-ability teaching?

Câu hỏi số 8:

Which of the following statements can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

Câu hỏi số 9:

According to the passage, “streaming pupils”______

Câu hỏi số 10:

According to the author, mixed-ability teaching is more preferable because_____

Bài 40:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin: Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.

In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glass like layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gel~like slime which scientists found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.

It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.

Câu hỏi số 1:

This passage is mainly about_____

Câu hỏi số 2:

The word “therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_____

Câu hỏi số 3:

It can be inferred from the message that Alexander Fleming_______

Câu hỏi số 4:

The word “eliminates” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______

Câu hỏi số 5:

According to the passage,_____.

Câu hỏi số 6:

The gel-like substance which promotes healing comes from______

Câu hỏi số 7:

Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime?

Câu hỏi số 8:

The word "consumption” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_____

Câu hỏi số 9:

In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?

Câu hỏi số 10:

According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?

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