Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 41:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derive their name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor”. These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in the result they do from undersea seismic activity.
Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves. during an underwater earthquake or volcano, for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700 kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow water near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.
Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the Pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity. Two areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii. Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can, therefore, prove disastrous. Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaii Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inhabitants of Hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival.
Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. ln 1755, Europe experienced a calamitous tsunami, when movement near the Azores caused a massive tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest tsunami on record occurred on the other side of the world in 1883 when the Krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far away as the English Channel.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The paragraph preceding this paragraph most probably discusses______
Câu hỏi số 2:
According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves EXCEPT that_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “displaced” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
As used in the passage, water that is “shallow” isn‘t_______
Câu hỏi số 6:
A main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan are more likely to______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The possessive “their” in the third paragraph refers to_______
Câu hỏi số 8:
A “calamitous” tsunami in the last paragraph is one that is______
Câu hỏi số 9:
From the expression "on record“ in the last paragraph, it can be inferred the tsunami that accompanied the Krakatoa volcano______
Câu hỏi số 10:
The passage suggested the tsunami resulted from the Krakatoa volcano______
Bài 42:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.
The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however. the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun, just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Neap tides occur when_____
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “felt” in paragraph l is closest in meaning to_______
Câu hỏi số 3:
It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is_____
Câu hỏi số 4:
What is the cause of the spring tides?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “correspondingly" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 6:
What is the main point of the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The words “In reality" in paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 8:
Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those caused by tides?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “configuration” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT______
Bài 43:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2300 and by the year 2025, their population is estimated to be down to zero. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world’s ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival, and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They, then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can invest equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This seems fairly effective, but will not by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main topic of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "alarming” in the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “callousness" in the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 4:
The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
What does the word “This” in the first paragraph refer to?
Câu hỏi số 6:
Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction?
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated” in the second paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word "defray” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The author uses the phrase "stem the tide” in the second paragraph to mean_____
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following best describes the author‘s attitude?
Bài 44:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm. These studies have disclosed that the judgments of interviewers differ markedly and bear little or no relationship to the adequacy of the job applicants. Of the many reasons why this should be the case, three in particular stand out.
The first reason is related to an error of judgment known as the halo effect. If a person has one noticeable good trait, their other characteristics will be judged as better than they really are. Thus, an individual who dresses smartly and show self- confidence is likely to be judged capable of doing a job well regardless of his or her real ability.
Interviewers are also prejudiced by an effect called the primary effect. This error occurs when interpretation of later information is distorted by earlier connected information. Hence, in an interview situation, the interviewer spends most of the interview trying to confirm the impression given by the candidate in the first few moments. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that such an impression is unrelated to the aptitude of the applicant.
The phenomenon known as the contrast effect also skews the judgment of interviewers. A suitable candidate many underestimated because he or she contrasts with a previous one who appears exceptionally intelligent. Likewise, an average candidate who is preceded by one who gives a weak showing may be judged as more suitable than he or she really is.
Since interviews as a form of personnel selection have been shown to be inadequate. other selection procedures have been devised which more accurately predict candidate suitability. Of the various tests devised, the predictor which appears to do this most successfully is cognitive ability as measured by a variety of verbal and spatial tests.
Câu hỏi số 1:
This passage mainly discusses the____
Câu hỏi số 2:
According to the passage, the first impression_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
The author mentions all of the following reasons why interviewing is not an accurate way to predict candidate suitability EXCEPT the_____
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “hindrance” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_______-
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, the “halo effect”_____
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word "they” in paragraph 2 refers to______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “confirm” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to____
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “skews” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “this” in the last paragraph refers to______
Câu hỏi số 10:
The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following?
Bài 45:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Nonnan invasion of 1030. Until the 1600s English was for the most past part spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries. English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy.
Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in English. Two-thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non-native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in the world.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main topic of this passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “emerged” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world EXCEPT___
Câu hỏi số 5:
As used in the first paragraph, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “course”?
Câu hỏi số 6:
As used in the first paragraph, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “enclaves”?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “proliferated” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “stored” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “constituting” in the second paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, approximately how many non-native users of English are there in the world today?
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