Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves he utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Quảng cáo
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
C. Research on how people make decisions
D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Dòng 1 đoạn 1 “Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision”: những nghiên cứu trên lĩnh vực tâm lý học đã tìm ra một trong những cách tốt nhất để ra một quyết định.-> công cụ để giúp đưa ra quyết định phức tạp.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: The word "essential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. introductory
B. changeable
C. beneficial
D. fundamental
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Essential= thiết yếu, fundamental=cơ bản, introductory= mở đầu, changeable= có thể thay đổi, beneficial = có lợi.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: The word "pertinent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. relevant
B. preceding
C. insightful
D. responsive
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Pertinent = thích hợp, relevant= có liên quan, preceding= có trước, insightful= sâu sắc, responsive= phản ứng nhạy.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
A. Listing the consequences of each solution
B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C. eciding which consequences are most important
D. Writing down all possible solutions
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Cuối câu 1 đoạn 2 “listing all possible solutions to the problem”: lên danh sách các giải pháp cho vấn đề.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
A. has the fewest variables to consider
B. uses the most decision worksheets
C. has the most points assigned to it
D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Câu cuối đoạn 2 “The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.” Sự lựa chọn có số điểm cao nhất hiện ra như giải pháp tốt nhất.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: The author organizes paragraph 2 by
A. describing a process
B. classifying types of worksheets
C. providing historical background
D. explaining a theory
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Đoạn 2 mô tả quá trình đưa ra 1 quyết định với bảng hỏi với từ nối như “next”. Đầu tiên là xác định vấn đề 1 cách rõ ràng, lên danh sách giải pháp, lý do cho sự khả thi của giải pháp và kết quả có hể xảy ra, mỗi lý do sẽ được cho điểm, tính tổng số điểm cho mỗi giải pháp, lựa chọn giải pháp có điểm cao nhất.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragraph 3) to explain that
A. most decisions involve seven steps
B. human mental capacity has limitations
C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
D. eople can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Câu này nghĩa là: trung bình, mỗi người giữ được 7 suy nghĩ cùng 1 lúc.-> khả năng thần kinh của con người rất hạn chế, không chứa được nhiều thông tin bằng worksheet.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: The word "succinct" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. creative
B. satisfactory
C. personal
D. concise
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Succinct= concise= ngắn gọn, creative = sáng tạo, satisfactory= hài lòng, personal= cá nhân.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 9: The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to
A. worksheet
B. problem
C. distinction
D. decision
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Câu 1 đoạn 4 “A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it” một mẫu hỏi ra quyết định bắt đầu với 1 tiêu đề ngắn gọn của vấn đề sẽ giúp thu hẹp nó-> “it” là vấn đề.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 10: The word "revise" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. ask
B. explain
C. change
D. predict
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Đáp án : C(1) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Revise= xem xét lại, change= thay đổi, ask= hỏi, explain = giải thích, predict= đoán trước.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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