Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common-sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the nice balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his
butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common-sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the nice balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his
butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
Quảng cáo
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The influence of ice on the diet
B. The development of refrigeration
C. The transportation of goods to market
D. Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Bài đọc chủ yếu thảo luận về cái gì?A.Ảnh hưởng của đá lạnh đến chế độ ăn uống.B. Sự phát triển của tủ lạnh.C.Vận chuyển thức ăn đến chợD. Các nguồn đá lạnh ở thế kỷ 19.=>Chọn B
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: According to the passage, when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?
A. In 1803
B. Sometime before 1850
C. During the Civil War
D. 1950s
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Đáp án : B(2) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Theo bài đọc, từ “icebox” trở thành một phần ngôn ngữ của nước Mỹ khi nào?
A.năm 1803
B. khoảng trước năm 1850
C. Suốt thời nội chiến
D. những năm 1950
Dẫn chứng: By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, butice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.
After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use.
=>Chọn B
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: The author mentions “fish” in the first paragraph because __________________.
A. many fish dealers also sold ice.
B. fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars.
C. fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice.
D. fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Tác giả đề cập đến “ fish” ở đoạn đầu bởi vìA.nhiều người bán cá cũng bán đá lạnhB. cá được vận chuyển trong xe chở hàng đông lạnhC. những người bán cá là trong số những người sử dụng đá lạnh vì mục đích buôn bán đầu tiên.D. cá không phải là một phần của chế độ ăn uống bình thường hằng ngày trước khi thùng đông lạnh được phát minh.Dẫn chứng: The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.=>Chọn C
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: According to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox?
A. Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
B. The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
C. The use of insufficient insulation
D. Inadequate understanding of physics
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Theo bài đọc, cái nào sau đây là bất lợi đối với sự phát triển của thùng đông lạnh?A.Sự cạnh tranh giữa những người sở hữu xe vận tải đông lạnh.B. Sự thiếu mạng lưới việc làm để phân phối đáC. Việc sử dụng sự cách li không đủD. Hiểu biết chưa đầy đủ về vật lýDẫn chứng: In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. =>Chọn D
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: The word "rudimentary" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________________.
A. undeveloped
B. growing
C. necessary
D. uninteresting
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Từ “ rudimentary” [ thô sơ] ở đoạn 2 gần nghĩa nhất với
A. kém phát triển
B. đang phát triển
C. cần thiết
D. không thú vị
Dẫn chứng: In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.
=>Chọn A
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" to indicate that ______________.
A. the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
B. Moore was an honest merchant
C. Moore was a prosperous farmer
D. Moore's design was fairly successful
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Tác giả miêu tả Thomas Moore như là đã “ on the right track” [ đi đúng hướng] để ám chỉ rằng
A.con đường đến chợ băng qua gần với nông trại của Moore
B. Moore là một thương gia thật thà
C. Moore là một nông dân phát đạt
D. Thiết kế của Moore khá là thành công
Dẫn chứng: But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center.
=>Chọn D
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: According to the passage, Moore's icebox allowed him to _______________.
A. charge more for his butter
B. travel to market at night
C. manufacture butter more quickly
D. produce ice all year round
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Theo bài đọc, thùng ướp lạnh của Moore cho phép ông
A.thu phí nhiều hơn cho món bơ
B. đi chợ về đêm
C. sản xuất bơ nhanh hơn
D. sản xuất đá cả năm
Dẫn chứng: When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks.
=>Chọn A
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: The "produce" mentioned in the last paragraph could include ________________.
A. iceboxes
B. butter
C. ice
D. markets
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Từ “ produce” (n) [ nông sản] được đề cập ở đoạn cuối có thể bao gồmA.thùng đáB. bơC. đá lạnhD. chợDẫn chứng: One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. =>Chọn B
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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