Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For obvious ethical reasons, researchers cannot subject human beings to experimental isolation. But research on the effects of social isolation has been conducted on nonhuman primates.
Research with monkeys. Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow (1962) observed rhesus monkeys whose behavior is in some ways surprisingly similar to that of human beings in various conditions of social isolation. They found that complete isolation for a period of even six months was sufficient to cause developmental disturbances. When reintroduced to others of their kind, these monkeys were anxious, fearful, and defenseless against aggression. The Harlows discovered that, when socially isolated for shorter periods of time (about three months), infant monkeys eventually regained normal emotional patterns after rejoining others. But they concluded that longer-term isolation causes irreversible emotional and behavioral damage.
Isolated children. The later development of Anna roughly squares with the Harlows' findings. After her discovery, Anna benefited from extensive social contact and soon showed some improvement. When Kingsley Davis (1940) revisited her after ten days, he noted that she was more alert and displayed some human expression, and even smiled withobvious pleasure. Over the next year, as she experienced the humanizing effects of socialization, Anna showed more interest in other people and gradually gained the ability to walk. After a year and a half, she was able to feed herself, walk alone for short distances, and play with toys. Consistent with the observations of the Harlows, however, it was apparent that Anna’s five years of social isolation had left her permanently damaged. At age eight her mental and social development was still below that of a normal two-year- old. Only as she approached ten did she begin to use language. Of course, since Anna's mother was mentally retard, perhaps Anna was similarly disadvantaged. The riddle was never solved, however, because Anna died at age ten of a blood disorder, possibly related to her years of abuse (Davis, 1940). In a more recent case of childhood isolation, a thirteen-year-old California girl was victimized in a host of ways by her parents from the age of two (Curtiss, 1977; Pines, 1981; Rymer, 1994).
Genie's ordeal included being locked alone in a garage for extended periods. Upon discovery, her condition was similar to that of Anna. Genie was emaciated (weighing only fifty-nine pounds) and had the mentaldevelopment of a one-year-old. She received intensive treatment by specialists and thrived physically. Yet even after years of care, her ability to use language remains that of a young child, and she lives today in a home for developmentally disabled adults. All the evidence points to the crucial role of social experience in personality development. Human beings are resilient creatures, sometimes able to recover from even the crushing experience of prolonged isolation. But there may well be a point-precisely when is unclear from the small number of cases studied-at which isolation in infancy results in damage, including a reduced capacity for language, that cannot be fully repaired.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For obvious ethical reasons, researchers cannot subject human beings to experimental isolation. But research on the effects of social isolation has been conducted on nonhuman primates.
Research with monkeys. Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow (1962) observed rhesus monkeys whose behavior is in some ways surprisingly similar to that of human beings in various conditions of social isolation. They found that complete isolation for a period of even six months was sufficient to cause developmental disturbances. When reintroduced to others of their kind, these monkeys were anxious, fearful, and defenseless against aggression. The Harlows discovered that, when socially isolated for shorter periods of time (about three months), infant monkeys eventually regained normal emotional patterns after rejoining others. But they concluded that longer-term isolation causes irreversible emotional and behavioral damage.
Isolated children. The later development of Anna roughly squares with the Harlows' findings. After her discovery, Anna benefited from extensive social contact and soon showed some improvement. When Kingsley Davis (1940) revisited her after ten days, he noted that she was more alert and displayed some human expression, and even smiled withobvious pleasure. Over the next year, as she experienced the humanizing effects of socialization, Anna showed more interest in other people and gradually gained the ability to walk. After a year and a half, she was able to feed herself, walk alone for short distances, and play with toys. Consistent with the observations of the Harlows, however, it was apparent that Anna’s five years of social isolation had left her permanently damaged. At age eight her mental and social development was still below that of a normal two-year- old. Only as she approached ten did she begin to use language. Of course, since Anna's mother was mentally retard, perhaps Anna was similarly disadvantaged. The riddle was never solved, however, because Anna died at age ten of a blood disorder, possibly related to her years of abuse (Davis, 1940). In a more recent case of childhood isolation, a thirteen-year-old California girl was victimized in a host of ways by her parents from the age of two (Curtiss, 1977; Pines, 1981; Rymer, 1994).
Genie's ordeal included being locked alone in a garage for extended periods. Upon discovery, her condition was similar to that of Anna. Genie was emaciated (weighing only fifty-nine pounds) and had the mentaldevelopment of a one-year-old. She received intensive treatment by specialists and thrived physically. Yet even after years of care, her ability to use language remains that of a young child, and she lives today in a home for developmentally disabled adults. All the evidence points to the crucial role of social experience in personality development. Human beings are resilient creatures, sometimes able to recover from even the crushing experience of prolonged isolation. But there may well be a point-precisely when is unclear from the small number of cases studied-at which isolation in infancy results in damage, including a reduced capacity for language, that cannot be fully repaired.
Quảng cáo
Câu 1: What does the author say about involving humans in experimental isolation?
A. Nonhuman primates are a better choice.
B. It is not subjective.
C. It is popular.
D. It is not ethical.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: What does Harlows’ research tell us?
A. Short term social isolation causes permanent emotional damage.
B. Only older monkeys suffers emotional disturbance when socially isolated.
C. Young monkeys have more chance to get adapted to normal life after being socially isolated.
D. Monkeys suffer irreversible emotional disturbance if they are socially isolated.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: Which of the following can he inferred about Anna?
A. She was a female monkey used in the Harlows’ research.
B. She conducted a study similar to the Harlows’.
C. She was socially isolated.
D. She is doing research on social isolation.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: What is the result that both the case of Anna and the Harlows' research arrive at?
A. Subjects of all ages have equal chance to recover from isolation.
B. Young subjects improve more quickly after isolation stops.
C. Long term isolation leads to permanent damage.
D. Only children can survive pcnnanent damage.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: Which of the following is true about Anna?
A. She died because of serious mental damage.
B. She began to talk at a very young age.
C. She could not feed herself despite much practice.
D. She still could never develop as fully as a normal child.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: The word “emaciated” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____________ .
A. very short
B. extremely big
C. beautiful
D. very thin
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Genie and An ne were both used in experimental isolation.
B. Anna and Genie were victims of social isolation.
C. Anna was isolated by her mother while Genie by a garage owner.
D. Genie managed to develop as a normal child while Anne didn't.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: Which of the following is True about social isolation?
A. It is a common phenomenon nowadays.
B. It is in many cases, not consequential.
C. It does not really have a long effect.
D. It prevents children to develop their language ability.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 9: What does the word “she” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. young child
B. Genie
C. A specialist
D. Anna
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 10: Which of the following can the author most probably agree with?
A. We are not aware of the role of social interaction.
B. Social interaction has a very important role in personality development.
C. More research on the effect of social isolation should be done.
D. Children should be encouraged to talk as soon as possible.
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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