Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
Read the following postage and mark the letter A, R, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 47 to 56.
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. in the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.
The dream of building an x-ray microscope dates to 1895, its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however. interest in x-ray micruswpes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of x-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x-rays.
The new x-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three- dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can he studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.
Read the following postage and mark the letter A, R, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 47 to 56.
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. in the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.
The dream of building an x-ray microscope dates to 1895, its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however. interest in x-ray micruswpes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of x-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x-rays.
The new x-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three- dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can he studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.
Quảng cáo
Câu 1: Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?
A. They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use
B. They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.
C. hey will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.
D. They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Sentence: ". in the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. "
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: The word "those" in line 24 refers to
A. investigations
B. microscopes
C. properties
D. x-rays
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Sentence: "their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments. "
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to
A. understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements
B. develop the electron microscope later on
C. discover single celled plants and animals they had never seen before.
D. see viruses directly
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
- Sentence: "The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. in the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. "
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: The word "enables' in line 18 is closest in meaning to
A. specifics
B. allows
C. expands
D. constitutes
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
enable = cho phép
A. đặc thù
B. cho phép
C. mở rộng
D. cấu thành
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: The word "it" in line 6 refers to
A. human perception
B. light
C. a type of microscope
D. the natural world
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Sentence: "Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world."
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope?
A. Funds for research were insufficient.
B. The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently
C. Materials used to manufacture x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain
D. X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Sentence: "... interest in x-ray micruswpes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of x-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x-rays."
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Sources of illumination for microscopes
B. The detail seen through a microscope
C. Outdated microscopic technique
D. A new kind of microscope
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Sentence opening paragraph : "Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. "
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: Why does the author mention the visible - light microscope in the first paragraph?
A. To explain how it functioned
B. In show how limited its uses are
C. To begin a discussion of sixteenth century discoveries.
D. To put the x-ray microscope in historical perspective
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
sentence: "Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. "
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 9: The word "minuscule" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A. complex
B. tiny
C. circular
D. dangerous
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
minuscule = rất nhỏ
A. phức tập
B. cực nhỏ
C. vòng tròn
D. nguy hiểm
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 10: The word "Rather" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
A. somewhat
B. instead
C. significantly
D. preferably
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
rather = hơn là
A. cái gì đó
B. thay bằng
C. đáng kể,
D. ưu thích
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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