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Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 50.
Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its entirety. Instead, critics of globalization believe aspects of the way globalization operates should be changed. The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved.
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the developing countries. Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. More competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and benefit others.
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as producing greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage. They say that the most developed nations - the United States, Germany, and Japan - succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies. They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism. These critics think that government encouragement of "infant industries" - that is, industries that are just beginning to develop - enables a country to become internationally competitive.
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles. These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot sustain such expectations, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country.
Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement are seldom directed against globalization itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment. The question raised by nongovernmental organizations and protesters at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalization will result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and undermining environmental regulations.
One of the key problems of the 21st century will be determining to what extent markets should be regulated to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale.
From ,Globalization "byTabb, William K., Microsoft® Student2009 [DVD]
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 50.
Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its entirety. Instead, critics of globalization believe aspects of the way globalization operates should be changed. The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved.
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the developing countries. Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. More competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and benefit others.
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as producing greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage. They say that the most developed nations - the United States, Germany, and Japan - succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies. They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism. These critics think that government encouragement of "infant industries" - that is, industries that are just beginning to develop - enables a country to become internationally competitive.
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles. These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot sustain such expectations, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country.
Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement are seldom directed against globalization itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment. The question raised by nongovernmental organizations and protesters at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalization will result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and undermining environmental regulations.
One of the key problems of the 21st century will be determining to what extent markets should be regulated to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale.
From ,Globalization "byTabb, William K., Microsoft® Student2009 [DVD]
Quảng cáo
Câu 1: It is stated in the passage that____________________ .
A. critics of globalization say that the successful economies are all in Asia.
B. the protests of globalization are directed against globalization itself.
C. supporters of globalization stress the benefits of removing trade barriers.
D. the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant industries.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
"It is stated in the passage that supporters of globalization stress the benefits of removing trade barriers." (Trong đoạn văn nêu rằng những người ủng hộ sự toàn cầu hóa nhấn mạnh đến việc dỡ bỏ hàng rào thương mại.) Căn cứ trong bài ở câu đầu đoạn 2: "On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment...".
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: Supporters of free-market globalization point out that_____________________ .
A. investment will be allocated only to rich countries.
B. taxes that are paid on goods will be increased.
C. there will be less competition among producers.
D. consumers can benefit from cheaper products.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
"Supporters of free-market globalization point out that consumers can benefit from cheaper products." (Những người ủng hộ sự toàn cấu hóa cho một thị trường tự do chỉ ra rằng, người tiêu dùng có thể hưởng lợi từ việc hàng hóa trở nên rẻ hơn.) Căn cứ trong bài ở đoạn 2: "Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places to buy" (Người tiêu dùng có thể hưởng lợi từ việc hàng hóa trở nên rẻ hơn do thuế giảm làm hàng hóa sản xuất ở những nơi xa xôi trở nên rẻ hơn).
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: The word "allocated" in the passage mostly means "______".
A. distributed
B. solved
C. removed
D. offered
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
allocated = distributed (phân phối, dùng số tiền vào việc gì).
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: The phrase "keeps sellers on their toes" in the passage mostly means "______".
A. prevents sellers from selling new products
B. forces sellers to go bare-footed
C. makes sellers responsive to any changes
D. allows sellers to stand on their own feet
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Thành ngữ: keep sb on their toes (= to make sure that sb is ready to deal with anything that they are not expecting). "keep sellers on their toes" = makes sellers responsive to any changes: làm cho khách hàng sẵn sàng đáp lại bất kì thay đổi nào.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: According to critics of globalization, several developed countries have become rich because of
A. their help to developing countries
B. their neo-liberal policies
C. their protectionism and subsidies
D. their prevention of bubbles
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
"According to critics of globalization, several developed countries have become rich because of their protectionism and subsidies." (Theo những người chỉ trích sự toàn cầu hóa, một số quốc gia đã phát triển trở nên giàu có nhờ sự bảo hộ mậu dịch và sự trợ giá). Căn cứ trong bài: "They say that the most developed nations - the United States, Germany, and Japan - succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies."
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: The word "undermining" in the passage mostly means "_____".
A. obeying
B. making less effective
C. observing
D. making more effective
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
undermining = hủy hoại, làm suy yếu; making less effective = làm cho kém hiệu quả.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: Infant industries mentioned in the passage are_____________________ .
A. young companies
B. development strategies
C. young industries
D. successful economies
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
infant = ở tuổi còn thơ; infant industries = young industries = những ngành công nghiệp non trẻ.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Critics believe the way globalization operates should be changed.
B. The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalization.
C. Hardly anyone disapproves of globalization in its entirety.
D. Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies.
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
ta phải tìm ý nào không được nêu trong bài. "The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalization." (Phong trào phản đối sự toàn cầu hóa được thành lập nhằm chấm dứt sự toàn cầu hóa này.) Ý trong bài: "Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment" (Những sự phản đối được gọi là phong trào phản đối sự toàn cầu hóa thường ít khi phản đối bản thân sự toàn cầu hóa mà chống lại sự lạm dụng nó để làm tổn hại quyền lợi công nhân và môi trưởng.)
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 9: The debate over globalization is about how_____________________ .
A. to spread ideas and strategies for globalization
B. to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community
C. to use neo-liberal policies for the benefit of the rich countries
D. to terminate globalization in its entirety
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
"The debate over hlobalization is about how to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community." (Cuộc tranh luận về sự toàn cầu hóa là làm thế nào điều hành kinh tế toàn cầu vì lợi ích của cộng đồng). Căn cứ trong bài ở cuối đoạn 5: "...is whether globalization will result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and undermining environmental regulations" (... sự toàn cầu hóa sẽ mang lại sự nâng cao mức sống hay là cuộc chạy đua xuống dốc làm hạ thấp mức sống và làm kém hiệu quả các quy định bảo vệ môi trường).
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 10: The author seems to be______________________ globalization that helps promote economy and raise living standards globally.
A. supportive of
B. pessimistic about
C. indifferent to
D. opposed to
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
Câu này hỏi thái độ của tác giả bài viết về sự toàn cầu hóa nhằm giúp thúc đẩy nền kinh tế và nâng cao mức sống trên phạm vi toàn cầu. supportive of = ủng hộ, tán thành; pessimistic about = bi quan; indifferemt to = dửng dưng; opposed to = chống đối.
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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