Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 106:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there arc different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes. In this form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals bccome one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. in secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation. In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the share work. The attitudes of the cooperation parties are purely opportunistic; the cooperation is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goal. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term '‘antagonistic cooperation” is sometimes used for this relationship.
Notes:
- latent (adj): existing, but not yet very noticeable (ngấm ngầm, tiềm tàng).
- antagonistic (adj): showing opposition (trái ngược, đối lập).
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the authors main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “cherished” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in passage?
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “fuse” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “fragile” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the passage?
Câu hỏi số 8:
As used throughout the passage, the term “common” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is NOT given as a name of the third type of cooperation?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which ofthe following best describes the overall organization of the passage?
Bài 107:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It’s a sound you will probably never hear, a sickened tree sending out a distress signal. But a group of scientists has heard the cries, and they think some insects also hear the trees and are drawn to them like vulture to a dying animal. Researchers with the US Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service fastened sensors to the bark of drought-stricken trees clearly heard distress calls. According to one of the scientists, most parched trees transmit their plight in the 50-hertz to 50-kilohertz range. (The unaided human ear can detect no more than 20 kilohertz). Red oak, maple, white pine, and birch all make slightly different sounds in the form of vibrations at the surface of the wood.
The scientists think that the vibrations are created when the water columns insidc tubes that run along the length of the tree break, a result of too little water following through them. These fractured columns send out distinctive vibration pattems. Because some insects communicate at ultrasonic frequencies, they may pick up the trees' vibration and attack the weakened trees. Researchers are now running tests with potted trees that have been deprived of water to see if the sound is what attracts the insects. “Water-stressed trees also smell differently from other trees, arid they experience thermal changes, so insects could be responding to something other than sound,’' One scientist said.
Notes:
- vulture (n): chim kền kền.
- potted (adj): mọc lên trong chậu.
- distress call (n): tiếng kêu báo tin nguy cấp.
- oak (n): cây sồi; maple (n): cây thích; birch (n): cây cáng lò, cây bulô.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “them” in line 3 refers to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “parched” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be inferred from the passage that the sounds produced by the trees ________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “plight” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
All the following are mentioned as possible factors in drawing insects to weakened trees EXCEPT ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following could be considered a cause of the distress signals of trees?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “fractured” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
It can be inferred from the passage that research concerning the distress signals of trees _________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
The phrase “pick up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Bài 108:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The late 1990s was a volatile time for the Internet entrepreneur. There were a large number of new high-tech and Internet-based businesses being started up, some based on little more than dreams. And. nearly any entrepreneur with a high-tech or Intemet-based business plan could receive a large amount of money form investors to develop the business. These businesses were called “dot-coms” after the last part of their lnternet addresses, and that time in business history has became known as the dot-com era. Most dot-com ventures failed as the inconsistencies between high-tech dreams and realities clarified, but a handful of entrepreneurs from that time remain successful today.
Many people look back at the dot-com era with a certain amount of cynicism. Some charge that there were entrepreneurs who deliberately mislead investors about the potential of their business plans; that they had the ulterior motive of getting their handson large amounts of cash before anything else - a ploy that some say was common in the dot-com era. By 2001, most of the dot-coms had disappeared and were sarcastically referred to as “dot-bombs”. By the time the hype died down, incredible amounts of money had been lost. This is an unfortunate legacy of the dot-com era.
Why did companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Google find success, while so many others disappeared? There is no concise answer, but one interesting coincidence is that many of them were started by two or more entrepreneurs working inconjunction with each other. At Microsoft, Bill Gates and Paul Allen complemented each other; Apple had Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; and we owe Google to the rapport between founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
Besides collaborating with others, today’s entrepreneurs need to be able to think on their feet because the business situation changes so quickly. Entrepreneurs need to do constant research to keep track of changing trends. Today’s entrepreneurs need to be hardworking and tenacious - the easy money of the dot-com era is history. Experimentation and innovation are critical in a rapidly changing and highly competitive marketplace.
It seems that the mistakes of the dot-com era have shown the world what the high- tech economy truly is. and what it isn’t. It isn’t a place where anyone with a dream can get rich. It is, however, a powerful and flexible business environment where people with sound business ideas and effective business models can work together to produce successful business innovations, sometimes very successful ones indeed. But, as it has always been true in the business world, there is no substitute for thorough planning and hard work.
Notes:
- volatile (n): hay thay đổi, không ổn định
- ploy (n) thủ đoạn
- hype (n): sự quảng cáo thổi phồng, sự cường điệu
- tenacious (n): kiên trì, kiên quyết
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What is most likely the reason that it was easy to get money from investors in the dot-com era?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Why do many people look back on the dot-com era with cynicism?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Why did some people probably refer to dot-coms as “dot-bombs” by 2001?
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, what do Microsoft, Apple, and Google all have in common?
Câu hỏi số 6:
Which quality of today’s entrepreneurs is NOT mentioned in the passage?
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, what have we learned from the dot-com era?
Câu hỏi số 8:
What does the word “their" in the 4"‘ sentence of paragraph 1 refer to?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “history” in paragraph 4 refers to_____
Câu hỏi số 10:
The word “sound” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_____
Bài 109:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of systems of living things) and tourism. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of the local people“. Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a responsible way. lt is a big business, and the allure of money can cause people to think about profits first. While ecotourism offers benefits for people and ecosystem, it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects, too.
Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony, and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been created. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks, largely thanks to ecotourism. Nonetheless, due to the number of people visiting the country’s natural places, some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.
While tourists can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been totally destroyed by industries such as farming, logging, or mining, instead, sanctuaries have been created, keeping the ecosystem protected. And, by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their value, and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.
Unfortunately, while their effects may not be noticeable in the off-season, the constant procession of visitors in the high seasons can be damaging. At one national park in Costa Rica. wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists. Furthermore, ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants, pressuring the most delicate of living things.
Controlling abuses isn’t easy. Corruption can lead officials to tolerate ecological damage. For example. a large resort facility. normally not allowed near a sanctuary, might be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government. Limited resources are another issue. Areas of forests and beaches that l would require an army to protect are often watched by several employees.
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry, but it is important to be positive as well. Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can’t expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem. It is also unrealistic to think that humans won’t go anywhere accessible to them. if protection efforts are maintained and intensified, those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed, but they won’t be destroyed.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which statement best summarizes the author’s point of view?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which change has NOT occurred in Costa Rica since the introduction of ecotourism?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “allure” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 4:
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “off-season” in paragraph 4 refers to_____
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to paragraph 5, why is it difficult to control abuses of ecotourism?
Câu hỏi số 7:
Into which paragraph could the following sentence best be inserted? "ln this way, the children of future generations can learn respect for nature.”
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “corruption” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 9:
The phrase "an army" in paragraph 5 could best be replaced by____
Câu hỏi số 10:
Why does the author probably think it is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry?
Bài 110:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.
The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice Floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly. except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderate climate, would be notably absent.
Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climate extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse of minerals which has been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world, these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea. and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast.
Notes:
- hydrosphere (n): ( địa lý, địa chất) thủy quyền
Câu hỏi số 1:
The author’s main purpose in this passage is to______
Câu hỏi số 2:
The phrase "This vast amount” in paragraph 1 refers to________
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “replenish” in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by_______
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the passage. fish can survive in the oceans because_______
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT_____
Câu hỏi số 8:
The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as_______
Câu hỏi số 9:
The writer organizers the passage by_______
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?
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