Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
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Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 6:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 46 to 55.
Fifty-five delegates representing all thirteen states except Rhode Island attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787. The delegates had been instructed by the Continental Congress to revise the old Articles of Confederation, but most believed that a stronger central government was needed. There were differences, however, about what structure the government should take and how much influence large states should have.
Virginia was by far the most populous state, with twice as many as people as New York, four times as many as New Jersey, and ten times as many as Delaware. The leader of the Virginia delegation, James Madison, had already drawn up a plan for government, which became known as the Large State Plan. Its essence was that congressional representation would be based on population. It provided for two or more national executives. The smaller states feared that underthis plan, a few large states would lord over the rest. New Jersey countered with the Small State Plan. It provided for equal representation for all states in a national legislature and for a single national executive. Angry debate, heightened by a stifling heat wave, led to deadlock.
A cooling of tempers seemed to come with lower temperatures. The delegates hammered out an agreement known as the Great Compromise – actually a bundle of shrewd compromises. They decided that Congress would consist of two houses. The larger states were granted representation based on population in the lower house, the House of Representatives. The smaller states were given equal representation in the upper house, the Senate, in which each state would have two senators regardless of population. It was also agreed that there would be a single executive, the president. This critical compromise broke the logjam, and from then on, success seemed within reach.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main topic of this passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
According to the passage, how many states were represented at the Constitutional Convention?
Câu hỏi số 3:
It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be inferred from the passage that the Articles of Confederation ___________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, in 1787 which of the following states had the FEWEST people?
Câu hỏi số 6:
In line 10, the phrase this plan (paragraph 2) refers to ___________.
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, the weather had what effect on the Constitutional Convention?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word shrewd (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ___________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as one of the provisions of the Great Compromise?
Câu hỏi số 10:
The author uses the phrase broke the logjam (paragraph 3) to indicate that ___________.
Bài 7:
Đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau và chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A, hoặc B, C, D) cho mỗi câu từ 36 đến 44.
The ocean bottom – a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth – is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation’s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger’s core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger’s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world’s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change – information that may be used to predict future climates.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier” in line 2 because it
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “inaccessible” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 3:
The author mentions outer space in line 6 because
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word ” extracting ” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 6:
The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word ” strength ” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word ” they ” in line 22 refers to
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?
Bài 8:
Đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau và chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A hoặc B, C, D) cho mỗi câu từ 16 đến 25.
Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides. No other force that affects the sea is so strong. Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface. The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep.
The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun. In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe. In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun.
Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day. And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies. The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full. These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides. At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors. Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur. Thenthe difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main point of the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “felt” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 3:
The words “In reality” in line 8 are closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “correspondingly” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 6:
What is the cause of spring tides?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “configuration” in line 18 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 8:
Neap tides occur when
Câu hỏi số 9:
According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT:
Câu hỏi số 10:
Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those caused by tides?
Bài 9:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 57 to 66 .
What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of. by, and for ordinary.everyday "folks" who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics — whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans — have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century. the United States contained increasing numbers of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands. The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England — especially Connecticut and Massachusetts — for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and portrait painters could he found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States's population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to the original thirteen. During these years the demand for portraits grew and grew eventually to be satisfied by the camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a Iusury. commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.
But in the heyday of portrait Nutting - how the iate eighteenth century until the 1850's -anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner. as such a portraitist was called. Local crafispoaple - sign, coach, and house painters - began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline ; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits ; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.
Câu hỏi số 1:
According to the passage, where were many of the first American folk art portraits painted?
Câu hỏi số 2:
In lines 4-5 the author mentions seventeenth-century Dutch burghers as an example of a group that
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word "this" in line 8 refer to
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word "executed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 5:
How much did the population of the United States increase in the first fifty year following independence?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word "marked"in line 4 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 7:
The author implies that most limners (line 22)
Câu hỏi số 8:
The relationship between the daguerreotype (line 14) and the painted portrait is similar to the relationship between the automobile and the
Câu hỏi số 9:
According to the passage, which of the following contributed to a decline in the demand for painted portraits?
Câu hỏi số 10:
The phrase "ushering in" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
Bài 10:
Read the following postage and mark the letter A, R, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 47 to 56.
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. in the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.
The dream of building an x-ray microscope dates to 1895, its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however. interest in x-ray micruswpes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of x-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x-rays.
The new x-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three- dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can he studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word "those" in line 24 refers to
Câu hỏi số 3:
According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word "enables' in line 18 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word "it" in line 6 refers to
Câu hỏi số 6:
Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope?
Câu hỏi số 7:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 8:
Why does the author mention the visible - light microscope in the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word "minuscule" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 10:
The word "Rather" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
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