Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book “ The Natural History of Selboure ” (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover’s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.
These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species – as in the case of the eggs – or survival as individuals - as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small – not more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to “count” one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book “ The Natural History of Selboure ” (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover’s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.
These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species – as in the case of the eggs – or survival as individuals - as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small – not more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to “count” one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.
Câu 1: The word “they” refer to______.
A. numbers
B. animals
C. achievements
D. genes
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
C
“they” được thay thế cho achievements ở vế phía trước: Animals admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 2: The word “odd” refers to which of the following?
A. numbers such as 1, 3, 5 and so on
B. unusual numbers
C. lucky numbers
D. numbers such as 2, 4, 6 and so on
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
A
“odd” ở đây được hiểu với nghĩa ‘số lẻ’ (ví dụ như 1,3,5,7, vv)
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 3: The word “accounts” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. reasons
B. deceptions
C. invoices
D. reports
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
D
“accounts” = reports: báo cáo, tường trình, thuật lại, kể lại
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 4: According to information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of animals’ intuitive awareness of quantities?
A. When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.
B. A lion follows one antelope instead of the herd of antelopes because it is easier to hunt a single prey.
C. When one of its four kittens crawls away, a mother cat misses it and searches for the kitten.
D. A pigeon is more attracted by a box containing two pieces of food than by a box containing one piece.
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Đáp án : D(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
D
Thông tin ở cuối đoạn 1: Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces: Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng cả chuột và chim bồ câu có thể được dạy để phân biệt giữa số lượng thức ăn lẻ và chẵn
Điều đó không có nghĩa là bồ câu bị hấp dẫn bởi hộp đồ ăn 2 miếng hơn là 1 miếng
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 5: The word “surreptitiously” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. stubbornly
B. secretly
C. quickly
D. occasionally
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
B
“surreptitiously”= secretly: lén lút, vụng trộm, một cách bí mật
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 6: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.
B. Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers
C. Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count.
D. Animals cannot “count” more than one kind of object.
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Đáp án : C(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
C
Ý chính của bài đọc này là Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count: Mặc dù động vật có thể có nhận thức về số lượng, thực chất chúng không biết đếm
- Đoạn đầu tiên là một số ví dụ về việc động vật có sự nhận thức về số lượng
- Đoạn thứ 3 là đưa ra kết luận, thứ làm động vật hứng thú, không phải là số lượng mà chính là những vật chất. Họ cũng đưa ra rằng ở các thí nghiệm, động vật có thể “đếm” vật này, nhưng lại không thể “đếm” một vật khác. Động vật có thể “đếm” có thể do gen, do sự thông minh, do sự huấn luyện chứ động vật thực chất không thể đếm
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 7: Where in the passage does the author mention research that supports his own view of animals’ inability to count?
A. “In his book …… the missing one.”
B. “In lab experiments…….other type”
C. “Research has shown that …… food pieces.”
D. “These and similar accounts …..count.”
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
B
Câu minh chứng rõ nhất cho nhận định động vật không thể đếm của tác giả là: In lab experiments, animals trained to “count” one kind of object were unable to count any other type: Trong các thí nghiệm, động vật được huấn luyện để “đếm” một loại đồ vật không thể đếm loại đồ vật khác được
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 8: Why does the author refer to Gilbert White’s book in line 2?
A. To contradict the idea that animals can count.
B. To provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities.
C. To show how attitudes have changed since1786.
D. To indicate that more research is needed in this field.
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Đáp án : B(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
B
Mục đích của tác giả là đưa ra một số dẫn chứng chứng minh rằng, các loài chim có sự nhận thức về số lượng: the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover’s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 9: How would the author probably characterize the people who are mentioned in the first line of the second paragraph?
A. As mistaken
B. As demanding
C. As clever
D. As foolish
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
A
“Những người” ở câu đầu tiên đoạn 2 có thể được miêu tả là “as mistaken” (nhầm lẫn, nhầm tưởng)
Bởi những minh chứng ở đoạn 1 có thể khiến nhiều người nhầm tưởng rằng động vật có khả năng đếm
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
Câu 10: The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some ways EXCEPT_____.
A. caterpillars
B. mice
C. plovers
D. wasps
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Đáp án : A(0) bình luận (0) lời giải
Giải chi tiết:
A
Thông tin ở đoạn đầu tiên:
- It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch
- Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces
- the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover’s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one
Chỉ có caterpillars (sâu bướm) là không được nhắc đến
Lời giải sai Bình thường Khá hay Rất Hay
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