Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
Read the following passage about the Urbanization in South Korea and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
Urbanization in South Korea has been one of the most significant transformations in the country’s history, especially after the Korean War. From the 1950s onwards, South Korea experienced rapid industrialization, leading to a massive shift from a predominantly rural society to a modern urban one. Seoul, the capital city, became the central hub for economic, political, and cultural development. The government played a pivotal role in this transition by investing heavily in infrastructure, improving transportation, and creating job opportunities in cities, particularly in manufacturing and service sectors. These efforts attracted a large number of people from rural areas, eager to escape poverty and seek better opportunities.
As a result, cities expanded rapidly, and the demand for housing skyrocketed. To accommodate the growing population, high-rise apartment complexes were built, which became a defining feature of the urban landscape. [I]. Overcrowding in urban centers became a significant issue, and with it, the rise in pollution levels, especially air and water pollution, which negatively affected the quality of life in cities [II]. [Ill] Additionally, the cost of living, particularly in Seoul, became increasingly high, [IV] making it difficult for many citizens to afford housing and basic services.
Despite these challenges, urbanization has played a key role in driving South Korea’s economic growth and technological advancement. The country is now recognized as one of the world's leading economies, largely due to the industrial and technological developments that took place in its urban centers. Urban areas have become centers of innovation, where new industries, such as information technology and electronics, thrive.
Today, the government is working to address the negative effects of rapid urbanization. Efforts to reduce pollution, improve environmental sustainability, and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas are central to current policy. While urbanization has brought prosperity and social mobility to many South Koreans, the challenge of managing growth while ensuring sustainability remains a complex issue.
In conclusion, urbanization has fundamentally reshaped South Korea's economy, culture, and society. It has been a driving force behind the country's rise as a global economic power. However, as cities continue to grow, finding a balance between development and sustainability will be essential to ensure the well-being of future generations.
The phrase ‘‘defining feature“’ in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by_____________.
Đáp án đúng là: A
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