Reading comprehension 1: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to answer each question from 136 to 140. The
Reading comprehension 1: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to answer each question from 136 to 140.
The relentless influx of people from rural areas to urban centers, particularly in developing countries, presents a complex set of challenges and opportunities. While urbanization can drive economic growth, improve access to essential services, and foster innovation, its rapid pace, if not managed carefully, can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and create new ones.
One of the most pressing concerns is the strain placed on infrastructure. As cities experience explosive growth, they often struggle to keep pace with the burgeoning demand for housing, transportation, and basic utilities. These can result in traffic congestion, pollution, and limited access to healthcare and education. Particularly, the issue of affordable housing is acute, as the rapid influx of residents frequently outstrips the construction of new, reasonably priced dwellings. These things can lead to housing shortages, overcrowding, and the formation of informal settlements, which often lack basic amenities and are vulnerable to natural disasters.
Public health is another major concern. Densely populated urban environments can become breeding grounds for infectious diseases, especially when sanitation facilities are inadequate. This is particularly true in developing countries, where limited resources and weak sanitation can hinder efforts to provide clean water, proper sanitation, and effective healthcare services. Additionally, increased traffic and industrial activity lead to air pollution, which poses serious health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions.
Climate change further complicates the challenges faced by urban areas in developing countries. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and intensifying water scarcity pose threats to both coastal communities and those located in drought-prone regions. These problems are exacerbated by the limited resources and infrastructure these countries have to address the impacts of climate change. For example, coastal cities may be subject to flooding and erosion, while inland cities may face water shortages and heat waves.
Social instability is another potential consequence of rapid urbanization. The large- scale influx of people into cities can intensify competition for resources, jobs, and housing, leading to social tensions and potentially fueling crime, violence, and unrest. This can be particularly problematic in developing countries, where social inequalities and economic disparities are often more pronounced than in developed nations.
To mitigate these risks, a holistic approach is essential. By investing in sustainable infrastructure, implementing policies that promote social equity and environmental sustainability, and engaging others in strategic planning, governments can transform urbanization into a powerful catalyst for progress and prosperity in the 21st century.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dưới đây:
What does "This" in paragraph 3 refer to?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
According to the passage, which of the following is a negative effect of urbanization on infrastructure?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
What is the main topic of paragraph 4?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a consequence of rapid urbanization?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Which of the following would the author most likely support?
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
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