Read about the Earth's tectonic plates, then answer the questions about the text, choosing either A, B, or C as the
Read about the Earth's tectonic plates, then answer the questions about the text, choosing either A, B, or C as the best answer for each of the questions.
Archaeologists investigating cenotes in Yucatán have uncovered remarkable insights into the Maya’s sacred landscape. At the Holtún cenote near Chichén Itzá, underwater archaeologist Guillermo de Anda and his colleague Arturo Montero confirmed that the well acted as a solar marker: during the zenith sun, a vertical shaft of light plunged into the water. This discovery suggests that Maya priests may have used cenotes as cosmic observatories to fine-tune their sophisticated calendar, while also performing rituals to appeal for rain and agricultural abundance. The cenote’s location in relation to El Castillo pyramid further indicates that the siting of Chichén Itzá was deliberately aligned with astronomical and spiritual principles.
The exploration of Holtún revealed offerings such as skulls, pottery, and sacrificial knives—clear evidence of its sacred role. Scholars now speculate that cenotes, positioned around Chichén Itzá in a diamond configuration, determined not only urban planning but also ritual practice. Just as the spring equinox creates the illusion of a serpent descending El Castillo, the zenith sun connected pyramid, cenote, and sky in a cosmic dialogue. To the Maya, pyramids were not merely monumental stone structures but living timekeepers interacting with celestial events, reinforcing the link between the heavens, Chaak—the rain god—and the survival of corn agriculture.
Yet survival in the harsh Yucatán environment was always precarious. The land’s porous limestone meant there were no rivers, so the Maya relied on seasonal rains stored in cenotes. Farming communities perfected the milpa system—rotating corn, beans, and squash—but everything hinged on the timely arrival of rain. Periods of drought could push families to the brink, prompting desperate offerings to Chaak. Even today, modern Maya farmers keep alive rituals such as Cha Chaak, elaborate rain-invoking ceremonies that involve sacred food, symbolic altars, and prayers blending Christian and pre-Hispanic beliefs. Such customs highlight remarkable cultural continuity despite centuries of upheaval.
During these rituals, shamans (hmem) mediate between gods and villagers, often drawing on visions or ancestral wisdom. In one ceremony, villagers prepared 13-layer corn breads, sacred drinks, and offerings before imitating frog calls to summon Chaak. As prayers mingled with thunder in the distance, a light summer shower finally arrived, interpreted as a divine sign. These living traditions show how the Maya continue to draw upon ancient cosmology, seeing their work, faith, and survival as bound up with the eternal dance between sun, water, and corn.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dưới đây:
What does the word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đang cập nhật ...
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
What is mentioned about the Holtún cenote?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đang cập nhật ...
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Which of the following is NOT listed as a role of Chaak in Maya belief?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đang cập nhật ...
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đang cập nhật ...
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đang cập nhật ...
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
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