Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Is music a cultural universal?
Imagine that you are sitting in a theater, watching a film. The movie opens with the heroine sitting on a park bench with a grim expression on her face. Cue the music. The first slow and mournful notes play in a minor key. As the melody continues, the heroine turns her head and sees a man walking toward her. The music slowly gets louder, and the dissonance of the chords sends a prickle of fear running down your spine. You sense that the heroine is in danger.
Now imagine that you are watching the same movie, but with a different soundtrack. As the scene opens, the music is soft and soothing, with a hint of sadness. You see the heroine sitting on the park bench and sense her loneliness. Suddenly, the music swells. The woman looks up and sees a man walking toward her. The music grows fuller, and the pace picks up. You feel your heart rise in your chest. This is a happy moment. Music has the ability to evoke emotional responses. In television shows, movies, even commercials, music elicits laughter, sadness, or fear. Are these types of musical cues cultural universals?
In 2009, a team of psychologists, led by Thomas Fritz of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany, studied people’s reactions to music that they’d never heard (Fritz et al. 2009). The research team traveled to Cameroon, Africa, and asked Mafa tribal members to listen to Western music. The tribe, isolated from Western culture, had never been exposed to Western culture and had no context or experience within which to interpret its music. Even so, as the tribal members listened to a Western piano piece, they were able to recognize three basic emotions: happiness, sadness, and fear. Music, it turns out, is a sort of universal language.
Researchers also found that music can foster a sense of wholeness within a group. In fact, scientists who study the evolution of language have concluded that originally language (an established component of group identity) and music were one (Darwin 1871). Additionally, since music is largely nonverbal, the sounds of music can cross societal boundaries more easily than words. Music allows people to make connections, where language might be a more difficult barricade. As Fritz and his team found, music and the emotions it conveys can be cultural universals.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dưới đây:
Question 9. What is the main idea of the passage?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Question 10. Why does the author describe two different soundtracks for the same movie scene?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Question 11. What did the 2009 study by Thomas Fritz and his team investigate?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Question 12. Where did the research team conduct their study on music and emotions?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Question 13. What emotions were the Mafa tribal members able to recognize in Western music?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Question 14. According to the passage, how does music help in overcoming language barriers?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Question 15. What conclusion did scientists studying the evolution of language and music come to?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Question 16. How does the passage define music as a "universal language"?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
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