III. Read the following and do as directed.The noses knowAlmost everyone has experienced vivid memories associated with
III. Read the following and do as directed.
The noses know
Almost everyone has experienced vivid memories associated with smells. Smell memories are so strong that they can transport us immediately to the past. You smell a certain perfume or cologne, and you are with an old love again. You smell popcorn, and you are a child at a fair. We often forget an experience until we smell something associated with it; then we can suddenly see and hear the whole experience and feel the emotions that we felt. It's as if we are having the experience again.
The sense of smell is very important for animals, as it helps them find food, recognise danger and recognise other members of the same species. However, when humans developed higher cognitive abilities, such as language, the sense of smell became less important for survival. This is why humans only have about 20 million smell receptors, while a bloodhound has 220 million. So why are our smell memories so strong? The answer is in our physiology. The reason that we usually have strong emotional responses to smell memories is that the olfactory cortex, where our sense of smell is located, is close to the amygdala, which is the centre of emotions and memories.
Researchers have done experiments to compare smell stimuli with other stimuli as memory cues. With visual cues and word cues, people tended to remember things that happened after the age of 10. With smell cues, they remembered more things from early childhood. This makes sense, because the sense of smell develops in babies before the senses of vision and later, words.
These findings have positive implications for helping people who suffer from dementia. If they can't remember things from their past, the memories can often be stimulated with smells. Researchers have found that when people with memory loss smell something associated with their youth, they are often able to describe a memory in great detail.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 dưới đây:
18. What can smells do according to the passage?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
19. Why do humans have fewer smell receptors compared to animals like bloodhounds?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
20. How many smell receptors does a bloodhound have?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
21. Where is the olfactory cortex located in relation to the amygdala?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
22. According to the passage, why are smell memories often strong and emotional?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
23. What did researchers find when comparing smell stimuli to other stimuli as memory cues?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
24. How can smell cues be helpful for people with dementia?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
25. Why might smell cues trigger earlier memories compared to visual and word cues?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
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