PART 2. READING (2.50 pts) – questions 81-105For questions 81-88, read the passage below and answer the questions
PART 2. READING (2.50 pts) – questions 81-105
For questions 81-88, read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
The Science Behind ‘Cute Aggression’
Your urge to ‘gobble up those chubby cheeks’ has an evolutionary purpose.
A. If you’ve ever had the desire to hug a cute baby or animal super tight, you’re part of the approximately 50% of people who experience what psychologists call “cute aggression.” A physically enthusiastic response to a chubby one-year-old or a new puppy is just one example of what psychologists call a “dimorphous expression,” or an incongruent display of emotion. Without proper context, these urges might seem puzzling, but recent studies show they not only make sense psychologically, but may also serve as an important protective mechanism.
B. Oriana Aragon, PhD, assistant professor of psychology at Clemson University, became interested in the scientific underpinnings of cute aggression in 2011 after she saw model Leslie Bibb say on Conan O'Brien that a puppy was “so cute she wanted to bash it.” Aragon, at the time a graduate student at Yale University studying social psychology, called her dad to tell him about Bibb's aggressive response to cuteness. He asked a question that set years of future research into motion: Really, how different is wanting to bash a puppy than grandpa squeezing the baby’s cheeks or grandma saying she wants to eat you up? “That’s when it clicked,” Aragon says. “We do all these weird things, like crying when we’re happy or acting aggressively when we think something’s cute.”
C. Aragon began researching dimorphous expression in 2015, testing the hypothesis that people grimace or weep during happy moments instinctively to regulate positive emotions that overwhelm them. Since feeling emotionally and physically overwhelmed isn’t sustainable, researchers have long presumed that the brain may respond with seemingly contradictory expression to ‘balance’ out or shift the individual away from the other, all-encompassing emotion. The sudden desire to squeeze the baby could help regulate that sense of overwhelming cuteness, essentially bringing you down from the “high”.
D. In a separate study in 2018, Aragon found another byproduct of dimorphous responses: something called “motivational orientation,” which is our unconscious way of showing not just our emotions, but our intentions to the people around us. Expressing and understanding intent is important because it can help us coordinate actions toward people around us. For example, if you see a cute baby and respond with clenched fists and a quick approach, a mother may perceive you as overly excited and decide that this hyped-up interaction might be too much for her baby. She can then set a boundary by holding the baby herself. “Knowing someone’s motivation helps the mom engage with the approacher’s orientation,” says Aragon.
E. Both Aragon and Stavroupoulous believe cute aggression and other expressions that don’t necessarily match the scenario at hand may have important social and evolutionary implications. “When you think about small social groups and how they used to share caretaking of infants, it makes sense that we have these really distinct signals about how we are going to treat someone’s baby,” she says. Aragon also says it's possible our variety of reactions when we encounter a baby could teach babies about the nuance of emotional expression. “Babies are always decoding facial expressions, trying to map which expressions go in which situations,” she says. “Receiving a variety of expressions in a variety of contexts could teach them that these expressions can occur even in positive situations.”
F. Stavropoulous thinks there could be a more evolutionarily significant purpose behind the desire to squeeze a baby. Researchers found in a 2009 study that women who viewed images of cute babies exhibited more careful, slow, and deliberate behavior afterward, which Stavropoulous says could build on the idea that cute aggression is an adaptive mechanism to activate caretaking behaviors, which ultimately helps babies survive. “Maybe this feeling of ‘I want to squeeze it’ serves to remind us that this baby or animal is super fragile, and we are big adults, so we actually need move carefully,” Stavropoulous says. “It might be an odd but effective way to remind us that you could squish this, so don’t do it.”
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs A - F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
You may use any letter more than once.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dưới đây:
behavioral changes in participants of a study
Đáp án đúng là: F
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Từ khóa: “behavioral changes” – những thay đổi về hành vi, “participants” – người tham gia nghiên cứu
=> Tìm từ khoá trong bài đọc và nhận diện đoạn văn chứa nội dung này
Đáp án cần điền là: F
an educational effect that ‘cute aggression’ has on human infants
Đáp án đúng là: E
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Từ khóa: “educational effect” – tác động giáo dục, “human infants” – trẻ sơ sinh
=> Tìm từ khoá trong bài đọc và nhận diện đoạn văn chứa nội dung này
Đáp án cần điền là: E
a ‘cute aggression’ remark made by a celebrity
Đáp án đúng là: B
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Từ khóa: “remark made by a celebrity” – lời nhận xét được đưa ra bởi một người nổi tiếng
=> Tìm từ khoá trong bài đọc và nhận diện đoạn văn chứa nội dung này
Đáp án cần điền là: B
a maternal response to signs of ‘cute aggression’
Đáp án đúng là: D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Từ khóa: “maternal response” – phản ứng của người mẹ
=> Tìm từ khoá trong bài đọc và nhận diện đoạn văn chứa nội dung này
Đáp án cần điền là: D
the likelihood of experiencing ‘cute aggression’
Đáp án đúng là: A
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Từ khóa: “the likelihood of experiencing ‘cute aggression’” – xác suất gặp phải “sự hung hăng vì dễ thương”
=> Tìm từ khoá trong bài đọc và nhận diện đoạn văn chứa nội dung này
Đáp án cần điền là: A
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