Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the answer to each of the
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the answer to each of the questions.
Continents and ocean basins represent the largest identifiable bodies on Earth. On the solid portions of the planet, the second most prominent features are flat plains, elevated plateaus, and large mountain ranges. In geography, the term “continent” refers to the surface of continuous landmasses that together comprise about 29.2% of the planet’s surface. On the other hand, another definition is prevalent in the general use of the term that deals with extensive mainlands, such as Europe or Asia, that actually represent one very large landmass. Although all continents are bounded by water bodies or high mountain ranges, isolated mainlands, such as Greenland and India-Pakistan areas are called subcontinents. In some circles, the distinction between continents and large islands lies almost exclusively in the size of particular landmass.
The analysis of compression and tension in the earth’s crust has determined that continental structures are composed of layers that underlie continental shelves. A great deal of disagreement among geologists surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers underlie each landmass because of their distinctive mineral and chemical composition. It is also quite possible that the ocean floor rests on the top of unknown continents that have not yet been explored. The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reaction when lighter materials separated from heavier ones, thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago.
Although each continent has its special features, all consist of various combinations of components that include shields, mountain belts, intracratonic basins, margins, volcanic plateaus, and blockvaulted belts. The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these features relative to the continent size. Climatic zones have a crucial effect on the weathering and formation of the surface features, soil erosion, soil deposition, land formation, vegetation, and human activities.
Mountain belts are elongated narrow zones that have a characteristic folded sedimentary organization of layers. They are typically produced during substantial crustal movements, which generate faulting and mountain building. When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for the ongoing continental plate evolution.
Trả lời cho các câu 146746, 146747, 146748, 146749, 146750, 146751, 146752, 146753, 146754, 146755 dưới đây:
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Bài này nói về cấu trúc của lục địa và vỏ trái đất
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
Đ1: the term “continent” refers to the surface of continuous landmasses : bề mặt đất nối liền
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Delimit = bound : phân định
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Specifics = exact details : những chi tiết cụ thể
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
Đ 2: The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reaction when lighter materials separated from heavier ones, thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago. -> vỏ lục địa thành lập từ 1 phản ứng hóa học khi chất nhẹ hơn tách ra khỏi chất nặng hơn, do đó sẽ dừng lại ở những độ cao khác nhau trong vỏ lục địa. Được hỗ trợ bởi cách đo đạc những chi tiết cụ thể trong khi thành lập vỏ lục địa bằng cách kiểm soát những cơn động đất, các nhà địa chất có thể tiên đoán rằng 1 sự phân tách hóa học xảy ra để thành lập nên không khí, nước biển, và vỏ lục địa trước khi nó (vỏ lục địa) đông đặc lại
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
Đ 2: The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reaction : vỏ lục địa được tin là thành lập từ … -> không chắc chắn
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
Đ 3: The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these features relative to the continent size -> sự khác biệt cơ bản giữa các lục địa là tỉ lệ và thành phần của chúng liên quan đến kích thước của lục địa
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
Đ 4 : When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This process also accounts for -> Khi các lục địa va vào nhau, rìa lục địa nhô lên dẫn đến sự hình thành những rặng núi lớn, như đã được giải thích trong thuyết kiến tạo địa tầng. quá trình này (qt các lục địa va chạm vào nhau) cũng giải thích cho
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Đ 4: This process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for the ongoing continental plate evolution -> quá trình này…và cung cấp bằng chứng cho sự tiến hóa địa tầng của lục địa đang xảy ra
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Evidence = exemplification: sự minh họa, bằng chứng cho
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