Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal
Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.
As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.
The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.
Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were once such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.
Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.
Trả lời cho các câu 147892, 147893, 147894, 147895, 147896, 147897, 147898, 147899, 147900, 147901 dưới đây:
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
Câu đầu tiên của bài văn này chính là: As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. (THế kỉ 20 bắt đầu, tầm quan trọng của giáo dục ở Mỹ tăng lên)
Vì thế, đoạn văn trước bài văn này có thể nói đến giáo dục ở Mỹ ở thế kỉ 19 (the formal schooling in the United States in the nineteen century)
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Thông tin ở câu thứ 2 của đoạn đầu tiên: The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. (Hầu hết người Mỹ sống tại các thị trấn và thành phố) = the increased urbanization of the entire country (sự gia tăng đô thị hoá của toàn quốc)
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
"means" = “method”: phương cách, phương pháp
schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society: Trường học là phương cách quan trọng nhất để hợp nhất những người nhập cư vào xã hội Mỹ
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
"coincided with" = happened at the same time as: trùng hợp, xảy ra cùng một thời gian với…
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Thông tin ở đoạn 2: By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states: TRường học cho trẻ từ 14 tuổi được bắt buộc ở hầu hết các bang = most places required children to attend school (hầu hết các nơi yêu cầu trẻ em đến trường)
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
“Vacation schools and extracurricular activities” giúp extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. (gia tăng sự ảnh hưởng của các trường công) = activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs: thu hút nhiều người nhập cư (con cái của họ)
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Thông tin ở câu đầu tiên của đoạn 3: Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. (Các chương trình giáo dục nên phù hợp với nhu cầu của dân số cụ thể) = different groups needed different kinds of education: những nhóm khác nhau cần các loại giáo dục khác nhau
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
“it” được thay thế cho homemaking trong vế phía trước: homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Thông tin ở đoạn cuối cùng: in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. = overproduction in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Đoạn đầu tiên:
- As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. (Khi thế kỷ XX bắt đầu, tầm quan trọng của giáo dục chính quy tại Hoa Kỳ đã tăng lên.)
- Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. (Công nghiệp hóa và sự quan liêu của đời sống kinh tế kết hợp với một hướng tập trung dựa trên thông tin và chuyên môn để làm cho học hành ngày càng quan trọng đối với linh động kinh tế và xã hội.)
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