Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
Human Nutrition is the study of how food affects the health and survival of the human body. Human beings require food to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health. Without food, our bodies could not stay warm, build or repair tissue, or maintain the heartbeat. Eating the right foods can help us avoid certain diseases or recover faster when illness occurs. These and other important functions are fueled by chemical substances in our food called nutrients. Nutrients are classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
When we eat a meal, nutrients are released from food through digestion. Digestion begins in the mouth by the action of chewing and the chemical activity of saliva, a watery fluid that contains enzymes, certain proteins that help break down food. Further digestion occurs as food travels through the stomach and the small intestine, where digestive enzymes and acids liquefy food and muscle contractions push it along the digestive tract. Nutrients are absorbed from the inside of the small intestine into the bloodstream and carried to the sites in the body where they are needed. At these sites, several chemical reactions occur, which ensures the growth and function of body tissues. The parts of foods that are not absorbed continue to move down the intestinal tract and are eliminated from the body as feces.
Once digested, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide the body with the energy it needs to maintain its many functions. Scientists measure this energy in kilocalories, the amount of energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. In nutrition discussions, scientists use the term calorie instead of kilocalorie as the standard unit of measure in nutrition.
Nutrients are classified as essential or nonessential. Nonessential nutrients are manufactured in the body and do not need to be obtained from food. Examples include cholesterol, a fatlike substance present in all animal cells. Essential nutrients must be obtained from food sources, because the body either does not produce them or produces them in amounts too small to maintain growth and health. Essential nutrients include water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
An individual needs varying amounts of each essential nutrient, depending upon such factors as gender and age. Specific health conditions, such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, illness, or drug use, make unusual demands on the body and increase its need for nutrients. Dietary guidelines, which take many of these factors into account, provide general guidance in meeting daily nutritional needs.
From "Human Nutrition" by Worthington-Roberts, Bonnie, Microsoft ® Student 2009.
Trả lời cho các câu 146576, 146577, 146578, 146579, 146580, 146581, 146582, 146583, 146584, 146585 dưới đây:
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
Bài đọc chủ yếu thảo luận về …-> tầm quan trọng của thức ăn đối với con người
Đáp án đúng là: A
A
Release = produce: sản xuất
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Câu nào sau đây không đúng về quá trình tiêu hóa -> ruột non bao phủ toàn bộ hệ tiêu hóa
Đáp án đúng là: B
B
Maintain = keep performing: duy trì
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Theo bài đọc chất dinh dưỡng được hấp thụ…-> ở ruột non
“Nutrients are absorbed from the inside of the small intestine into the bloodstream and carried to the sites in the body where they are needed. “
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Theo bài đọc chất nào sau đây cung cấp năng lượng cho cơ thể? ->Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
“Once digested, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide the body with the energy it needs to maintain its many functions. “
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Trong cuộc thảo luận về dinh dưỡng, đơn vị chuẩn dùng để định lượng dinh dưỡng là -> calo
“In nutrition discussions, scientists use the term calorie instead of kilocalorie as the standard unit of measure in nutrition.”
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Which = dietary guidelines
Đáp án đúng là: C
C
Ý nào sau đây không được đề cập trong bài đọc -> nguồn thức ăn từ động vật
Đáp án đúng là: D
D
Qua bài đọc, tác giả cung cấp cho đọc giả…-> thông tin
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