Task 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer
Task 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 23 – 30.
As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.
The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.
Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were once such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.
Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In pre-industrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers: cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children “efficiently” in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dưới đây:
It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was .
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
The word "means" is closest in meaning to .
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
The phrase ''coincided with" is closest in meaning to .
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that .
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned to illustrate .the increased impact of public schools on students
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that .
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to .
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Women were trained to be consumer homemakers as a result of .
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
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