Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.Before 1815, manufacturing
Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.
Before 1815, manufacturing in the United States was primarily conducted within homes or workshops by proficient artisans. These master craftworkers transmitted their trade expertise to apprentices and journeymen. Additionally, women frequently engaged in part-time work from home, crafting finished goods using raw materials provided by merchant capitalists. However, following 1815, this mode of manufacturing gradually yielded to factory-based production, where machinery was operated by unskilled or semi-skilled workers. Factors such as affordable transportation systems, urbanization, and increased access to capital and credit played pivotal roles in driving this transition towards factory production.
The establishment of a workforce accustomed to factory labor didn't take place smoothly. Prior to the emergence of factories, artisans typically worked from home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, with masters tasked not only with teaching them a trade but also providing education and overseeing their moral conduct. Journeymen understood that by honing their craft, they could ascend to respected master artisans with their own workshops. Moreover, skilled artisans didn't adhere to fixed schedules or work at a consistent pace; instead, they engaged in intermittent periods of intense labor interspersed with leisurely intervals.
The introduction of factories brought about a significant shift. Items manufactured in factories lacked the refined quality and intricate craftsmanship of handmade goods. The emphasis on pride in one's craftsmanship yielded to the necessity of increasing productivity rates. With the advent of new business methods came a heightened adherence to punctuality. Factory life imposed a structured schedule, with work commencing at the signal of a bell, and workers being expected to maintain a steady pace of operation. Additionally, industrialization necessitated a departure from old habits, demanding workers who were vigilant, reliable, and self-disciplined. Instances of absenteeism or tardiness hindered productivity and disrupted the established factory routine, given the specialized nature of tasks. Industrialization not only revolutionized the organization of work but also fundamentally altered its essence.
The initial generation to encounter these transformations found it challenging to embrace these mindsets. The factory clock emerged as a symbol of the altered work regulations. An example is provided by a mill worker who eventually resigned, articulating discontent about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell—just as though we are so many living machines." With the erosion of personal liberties, there also came a decline in social standing. Unlike artisan workshops where apprentices closely collaborated with overseeing masters, factories created a distinct separation between laborers and management. Few workers ascended to supervisory roles, and even fewer realized the artisan's aspiration of establishing their own enterprise. Despite receiving adequate wages, workers sensed a deterioration in their societal status.
In this emerging economic landscape, workers occasionally came together to safeguard their rights and traditional lifestyles. Artisans such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, culminating in the formation of the National Trades’ Union in 1834. While the labor movement gained traction in the years leading up to the Panic of 1837, the subsequent depression saw a sharp decline in labor's influence. During these challenging times, few workers were willing to strike or participate in collective actions. Moreover, skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the unionization drive, felt little affinity with semi-skilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. Despite over a decade of agitation, the achievement of a 10-hour workday for most industries and the legal recognition of workers' right to strike in the 1850s had minimal immediate impact.
Workers shared a common resentment towards industrialization and the decline in their status, yet they were fragmented by various factors such as ethnic and racial divisions, gender disparities, conflicting religious beliefs, differing occupations, political affiliations, and disagreements regarding strategies. They viewed the factory and industrialism not as avenues for advancement, but rather as symbols of their diminished independence and control over their lives. With the increasing specialization and differentiation of United States society, wealth disparities became more pronounced. While the emergence of new markets brought fortunes to a select few, the factory system reduced wages for workers by breaking down labor into smaller, less specialized tasks.
Trả lời cho các câu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dưới đây:
What is the best title for the passage?
Đáp án đúng là: B
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
The word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to:
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
Đáp án đúng là: C
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
What is the relation between paragraph 3 and paragraph 4?
Đáp án đúng là: A
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
What is true according to the passage?
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
The word “disrupted” in the passage is most similar in meaning to which of the following?
Đáp án đúng là: D
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Quảng cáo
Group 2K8 ôn Thi ĐGNL & ĐGTD Miễn Phí
>> 2K8 Chú ý! Lộ Trình Sun 2026 - 3IN1 - 1 lộ trình ôn 3 kì thi (Luyện thi 26+ TN THPT, 90+ ĐGNL HN, 900+ ĐGNL HCM, 70+ ĐGTD - Click xem ngay) tại Tuyensinh247.com.Đầy đủ theo 3 đầu sách, Thầy Cô giáo giỏi, luyện thi theo 3 giai đoạn: Nền tảng lớp 12, Luyện thi chuyên sâu, Luyện đề đủ dạng đáp ứng mọi kì thi.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Hỗ trợ - Hướng dẫn
-
024.7300.7989
-
1800.6947
(Thời gian hỗ trợ từ 7h đến 22h)
Email: lienhe@tuyensinh247.com
