Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical components. So, the question which has baffled many linguists is-who created grammar?
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases, it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom. Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.
Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading
in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. Children, who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact.
Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. Therefore, it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
(Adapted from Vo Nguyen Giap highschool for gifted students)
The word they in paragraph 2 refers to_______.
Đáp án đúng là: A
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