Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 91:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the author mean by stating that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen"?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word "Here" in line 9 refers to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word "derived" in line 13 is closest in meaning to________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" in line 14-15?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person's _________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word "drastically" in line 21 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word "evidenced" in line 22 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
Bài 92:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.
For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.
A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word "consequence" is closest in meaning to _________.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word "striking" is closest in meaning to________.
Câu hỏi số 3:
Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they ___________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “exceed” is closest in meaning to ______________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
Câu hỏi số 6:
All of the followings are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT _________..
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The author mentions tropical Asia as an example of a location where _________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word "generated" in line 24 is closest in meaning to _________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
The diversity of butterflies in the whole of Europe was about __________species.
Bài 93:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Circle A, B, C or D to indicate your answers.
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity. Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of waste.
Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale and coal tats. But to date, the process has proven expensive. Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills. Geothermal power, heart form earth, is also being tested.
Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived form streams and rivers. Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only four percent. The oceans are another potential source of energy. Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides and waves to electricity. Experiments are also underway to make use of the temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which is the best title of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Fifty years ago one third of the electricity in the United States was provided by_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
In the second paragraph, the phrase “synthetic fuels" could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the author, the impracticality of using coal, oil shale and coal tars as sources of energy is due to_____
Bài 94:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled- a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0. 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word "detectable " is closest in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word "localized " is closest in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word "these" in the second paragraph refers to .
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if ______.
Câu hỏi số 5:
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, human- generated air pollution in localized regions .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word "adversely " is closest in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is best supported by the passage?
Câu hỏi số 9:
For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?
Câu hỏi số 10:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Bài 95:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million metric tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European, and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S. population on any given day. Black tea or green tea – iced, spiced, or instant – tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantation, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be picked. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. During this process, the tea softens and becomes limp. Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken. After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage was discovered in 2737 B.C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though this account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and therefore easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Why does the author include statistics on the amount of tea produced, sold, and consumed?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Based on the passage, what is implied about tea harvesting?
Câu hỏi số 3:
What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 of the passage refer to ?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is NOT true about the tea production process?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “documented” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by which of the following word?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, what is true about the origin of tea drinking?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “eliminate” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by which of the following word?
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, which may be the reason why someone would choose to drink tea instead of coffee?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Where in the passage does the author mention research conducted on the beneficial effects of tea drinking?
Câu hỏi số 10:
What best describes the topic of this passage?
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