Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 96:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS
Paul Watson is an environmental activist. He is a man who believes that he must do something, not just talk about doing something. Paul believes in protecting endangered animals, and he protects them in controversial ways. Some people think that Watson is a hero and admire him very much. Other people think that he is a criminal.
On July 16th, 1979, Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd. Watson and the people who work on the Sea Shepherd were hunting on the Atlantic Ocean near Portugal. However, they had a strange prey; instead of hunting for animals, their prey was a ship, the Sierra. The Sea Shepherd found the Sierra, ran into it and sank it. As a result, the Sierra never returned to the sea. The Sea Shepherd, on the other hand, returned to its home in Canada. Paul Watson and his workers thought that they had been successful.
The Sierra had been a whaling ship, which had operated illegally. The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obey any of the international laws that restrict whaling. Instead, they killed as many whales as they could, quickly cut off the meat, and froze it. Later, they sold the whale meat in countries where it is eaten.
Paul Watson tried to persuade the international whaling commission to stop the Sierra. However, the commission did very little, and Paul became impatient. He decided to stop the Sierra and other whaling ships in any way that he could. He offered to pay $25,000 to anyone who sank any illegal whaling ship, and he sank the Sierra. He acted because he believes that the whales must be protected. Still, he acted without the approval of the government; therefore, his actions were controversial.
Paul Watson is not the only environmental activist. Other men and women are also fighting to protect the Earth. Like Watson, they do not always have the approval of their governments, and like Watson, they have become impatient. Yet, because of their concern for the environment, they will act to protect it.
Câu hỏi số 1:
According to the reading, an environmental activist is someone who .
Câu hỏi số 2:
When something is controversial,_______ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The members of a ship’s crew are _.
Câu hỏi số 4:
The main idea of paragraph one is that _ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The Sea Shepherd once hunted .
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author implies that Paul Watson lives in .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The captain and the crew of the Sierra were acting illegally because
Câu hỏi số 8:
In paragraph 3 the phrase “and froze it”, the word it refers to ______ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
The main idea of paragraph 3 is that ________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
Watson ran into the Sierra because_______ .
Bài 97:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries- even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more dedicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early dedicates of the 1600s were known as “joiners,” for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the Mortise end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint- thus the term “joiner”. Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails- forged by hand- were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates- the latter to shield the wood from the metal key- would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was the knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The phrase “attachment to” is closest in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “protruding” is closest in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The relationship of a mortise and a tenon is most similar to that of .
Câu hỏi số 4:
For what purpose did woodworkers use an auger?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following was NOT used in the construction of colonial furniture?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author implies that colonial metalworkers were .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “shield” is closed in meaning to .
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “they” refers to .
Câu hỏi số 9:
The author implies that the colonial joiners .
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following terms does the author explain in the passage?
Bài 98:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high- quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart diseases. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two- thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has driven egg sales to plummet in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These eggs substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having low cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in banking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low- flat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran. In spite of their diet, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.
Eggs producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that is not the type of eggs that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certainly dietary fats stimulate the body’s production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit one’s intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main purpose of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
According to the passage, which of the following is a cause of heart diseases?
Câu hỏi số 3:
What has been the cause for changes in the sale of eggs?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What is meant by the phrase “mixed results” ?
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the author, which of the following may reduce blood cholesterol?
Câu hỏi số 6:
Which of the following could best replace the word “somewhat”?
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, one yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “portrayed” could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
What is the meaning of “back up”?
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT.................... .
Bài 99:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
During the nineteenth century, women in the United States organized and participated in a large number of reform movements, including movements to reorganize the prison system, improve education, ban the sale of alcohol, grant rights to people who were denied them, and, most importantly, free slaves. Some women saw similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Woman like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone were feminists and abolitionists who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A number of male abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Phillips, also supported the rights of women to speak and to participate equally with men in antislavery activities. Probably more than any other movement, abolitionism offered women a previously denied entry into politics. They became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions and improve the conditions of others.
When the civil war ended in 1865, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870 granted citizenship and suffrage to blacks but not to women. Discouraged but resolved, feminists worked tirelessly to influence more and more women to demand the right to vote. In 1869, the Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but the states on the East Coast resisted more stubbornly than before. A women’s suffrage bill had been presented to every Congress since 1878, but it continually failed to pass until 1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.
Câu hỏi số 1:
With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “ban” in line 3 most nearly means to ................... .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “supported” in line 5 could best be replaced by.................... .
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the passage, why did women become active in politics?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “primarily” in line 9 is closest in meaning to ............. .
Câu hỏi số 6:
What had occurred shortly after the Civil War?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “suffrage” in line 12 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 8:
What does the Nineteenth Amendment guarantee?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “it” in line 16 refers to.................... .
Câu hỏi số 10:
When were women allowed to vote throughout the United States?
Bài 100:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
A small but iỉrowing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are beginning to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called “mismatch theory”, which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the “ancestral environment” - the one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death amona young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.
Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests, for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided - that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a “natural” and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly natural in light of evolutionary psychology appear to have been eroded largely by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is its depiction of the “animal” in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw “civilization” as an oppressive force that thwarts basic mimal instincts, then urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a larger threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.
Notes:
- malady (n): a serious problem (một vấn đề nghiêm trọng).
- homicide (n): hành động giết người.
- nostalgia (n): nỗi luyến tiếc quá khứ, lòng hoài cổ.
- evolutionary psychology (n): tâm lí học tiến hóa.
- transmute (v): chuyển hóa, biến đổi bản chất.
- thwart (v): càn trở.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “contours” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
According to the passage, the death of many young people in indusirial counưies is mainly caused by _________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “one” in paragraph 1 refers to the _________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
It can be inferred from the passage that evolutionary psychologists dislike nostalgia for the 1950s because ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “bygone” in paragraph 2 could be replaced by __________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, Freud and other psycholoeists thought civilization ________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
In this passage, the word "civility” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
In the passage, evolutionary psychologists suggest that in modern society _______ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
Where in the passage does the author suggest a conflict between the ways of living?
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