Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 116:
Read the following passage and mark the letterA, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with 5 million metric tons of tea produced annually. Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European and African countries, the United States drink is fair share. According to estimates by the Tea Council of The United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the us population on any given day. Black tea or green tea - iced, spiced, or instant - tea drinking has spurred a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia.
Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant. Camellia saneness, which grow tall and lush in tropical regions. On tea plantations, the plant is kepl trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand. Even in today’s world of modern agricultural machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method. Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be picked. This new growth produces the highest quality tea.
After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long dry racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours. During this process, the tea softens and become limp. Next, dependent on the type of tea being product, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled condition of heat and humidity. For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain the green color, and the fermentation process is skipped. Producing black tea requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin darkened. Arter fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color.
No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has said that tea as beverage was discovered in 2737 B.C. by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from Camellia dropped into drink water as it was boiling over a fire. As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulling liquid and proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing. Though account cannot be documented, it is thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to the part of Asia, then Europe. and ultimately to American colonies around 1650.
With about half the caffeine content of coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but not necessarily eliminate, their caffeine intake. Some people find that tea less acidic than coffee and, therefore, easier on the stomach. Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute publishes its finding on the antioxidant properties of tea. But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefit, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world's most popular beveratìe.
Notes:
- spur (v): to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster.
- vat (n): a large container used for mixing or storing liquid substances, especialiy in a factory.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Why does the author include statistics on the amount of tea produced, sold and consumed?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Based on the passage, what is implied about tea harvesting?
Câu hỏi số 3:
What does the word “they” in parayraph 2 refer to?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is NOT true about the tea production process?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “documented” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by which of the following word?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, what is true about the origin of tea drinking?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “eliminate" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by which of the following word?
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, which may be the reason why someone would choose to drink tea instead of coffee?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Where in the passage does the author mention research conducted on the beneficial effects of tea drinking?
Câu hỏi số 10:
What best describes the topic of this passage?
Bài 117:
Read the following passage and mark the letterA, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psycholosists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highesl number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multi-faceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relatiohships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?”
Note:
- multi-faceted (adj): having many different parts.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “essential” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The author organizes paraaraph 2 by __________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” (paragraph 3) to explain that _________- .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “succinct” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to ____________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
The word “revise” in parauraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Bài 118:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indica te the correct answer to each of the questions.
Colors and Emotions Colors are One of the most exciting experiences in life. I love them, and they are just as important to me as emotions are. Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately related?
Color directly affects your emotions. Color both reflects the current state of your emotions, and is something that you can use to improve or change your emotions. The color that you choose to wear either reflects your current state of being, or reflects the color or emotions that you need.
The colors that you wear affect you much more than they affect the people around you. Of course, they also affect anyone who comes in contact with you, but you are the one saturated with the color all day! I even choose items around me based on their color. In the morning, I choose my clothes based on the color or emotion that I need for the day. So you consciously use color to control the emotions that you are exposed to, which can help you to feel better.
Color, sound, and emotions are all vibration. Emotions are literally energy in motion; they are meant to move and flow. This is the reason that real feelings are the fastest way to get your energy in motion. Also, flowing energy is exactly what creates healthy cells in your body. So, the fastest way to be healthy is to be open to your real feelings. Alternately, the fastest way to create disease is to inhibit your emotions.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which of the following can be affected by color?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Who is more influenced by the colors you wear?
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the passage, what do color, sound, and emotions all have in common?
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, what creates disease?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “intimately” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Why does the author mention that color and emotions are both vibrations?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The phrase “saturated with” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
What is the purpose of the passage?
Bài 119:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned vehicles, along with breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer equipment, have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment for scientists doing research on the great oceans of the world. Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish, and their mental concentration was severely limited. Because undersea pressure affects their speech organs, communication among divers has always been difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers avoid the use of vulnerable hurnan divers, preferring to reduce the risk to human life and make direct observation by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples taken from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Direct observations of the ocean floor can be made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines in the water and even by technology of sophisticated aerial photography from vantage points above the surface of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet, in addition, radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories via satellite. Particularly important for ocean study are data about water temperature, currents and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution of sea ice, oil slicks, and cloud formation over the ocean. Maps created from satellite pictures can represent the temperature and the color of the ocean's surface, enabling researchers to study the ocean currents from laboratories on dry land. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect, organize. and analyze data from submarines and satellites. By creating a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the environment.
Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellites and computers than on research sliips or even submarine vehicles because they can supply a greater range of information more quickly and more effectively. Some of humankind's most serious problems, especially those concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.
Note:
- vantage point (n): a place, especially a high place, which provides a good clear view of an area.
Câu hỏi số 1:
With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “sluggish" is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
This passage suggests that the successful exploration of the ocean depends on _________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
Divers have had problems in communicating underwater because _________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “cruise” could best be replaced by ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
Undersea vehicles ______________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “information” is closest in meaning to ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
How is a radio-equipped buoy operated?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following are NOT shown in satellite photographs?
Câu hỏi số 10:
The word “those” in paragraph 2 refers to __________- .
Bài 120:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2300 and by the year 2025, their population is estimated to be down to zero. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world’s ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival, and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They, then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can invest equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This seems fairly effective, but will not by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main topic of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "alarming” in the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “callousness" in the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 4:
The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
What does the word “This” in the first paragraph refer to?
Câu hỏi số 6:
Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction?
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated” in the second paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word "defray” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The author uses the phrase "stem the tide” in the second paragraph to mean_____
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following best describes the author‘s attitude?
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