Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 126:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicaie the correct answer to each of the questions.
Acid Dust
“Calcite-containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle-calcium nitrate.'' said Alexander Laskin, a senior research scientist at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the oriyinally dry dust particles. Due to this, climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry. Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel, where scientists collected particles for analysis.
Wơrking from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and Southern Israel. The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo. They analyzed nearly 2,000 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.
A key change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they begin to absorb water and retain the moisture. These wet particles can scatter and absorb sunlight - presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new wild card to deal wilh. Companion studies of dust samples trom the Sahara and the Saudi coast and loess from China show that the higher thc calcium in the mineral, the more reactive they are in with nitric acid. And once the particle is changed, it stays that way.
“When dust storms kick up these particles and they enter pulluted areas, the particles change." Laskin said. "To what extent this is happening globall, as more of the world becomes industrialized, we don't know. But now we have the laboratory and field evidence that shows it is definitely happening. The story is much rnore complicated than anvbody thought.”
Note:
- loess (n): a geologic term that refers to deposits of silt.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Why do climate models need to be updated to reflect the chemistry of calcium nitrate?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Do the particles react with nitric acid?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following may be a result of these particles?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “those” in paragraph 1 refers to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
In the scientists’ research, where did the pollutants come from originally?
Câu hỏi số 8:
It can be inferred that the word “retain” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
What is the purpose of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 10:
In the third paragraph, what does the term “wild card” mean?
Bài 127:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each ofthe questions.
Galaxies are major buiiding blocks of the universe. A galaxy is a giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars, together with gas and dust.
There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy: a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emeraine from its central nucleus. About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form: as the rolating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of young stars in its arms. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure. Most of their member stars are very ole and since elliptical are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are formed in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are elliptical with masses of about 1913 times of that of the Sun; these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all yaiaxies and they come in many subclasses.
Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time: the time to fly from one continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year. On such as scale, the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromela galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand miilion light years away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth was even formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.
Notes:
- trigger (v): to cause something bad to start.
- ole (adj): used in written English to represent how some people sav the word “old”
- be devoid of sth: to lack or be without something that is necessary or usual.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “major” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________ .
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 3:
According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies in _________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “symmetrical” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “obvious” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage?
Câu hỏi số 8:
What percentage of galaxies is irregular?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to __________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and Andromela galaxy in the third galaxy?
Bài 128:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS
Paul Watson is an environmental activist. He is a man who believes that he must do something, not just talk about doing something. Paul believes in protecting endangered animals, and he protects them in controversial ways. Some people think that Watson is a hero and admire him very much. Other people think that he is a criminal.
Only July 16”‘, 1979. Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd. Watson and the people who work on the Sea Shepherd were hunting on the Atlantic Ocean near Portugal. However, they had a strange prey, instead of hunting for animals, their prey was a ship, the Sierra. The Sea Shepherd found the Sierra, ran into it and sank it. As a result, the Sierra never returned to the sea. The Sea Shepherd, on the other hand, returned to its home in Canada. Paul Watson and his workers thought that they had been successful.
The Sierra had been a whaling ship, which had operated illegally. The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obey any of the international laws that restrict whaling. Instead, they killed as many whales as they could, quickly cut off the meat, and froze it. Later. they sold the whale meat in countries where it is eaten.
Paul Watson tried to persuade the international whaling commission to stop the Sierra. However, the commission did very little, and Paul became impatient. He decided to stop the Sierra and other whaling ships in any way that he could. He offered to pay $25,000 to anyone who sank any illegal whaling ship, and he sank the Sierra. He acted because he believed that the whales must be protected. Still, he acted without the approval of the government; therefore, his actions were controversial.
Paul Watson is not the only environmental activist. Other men and women are also fighting to protect the Earth. Like Watson. they do not always have the approval of their governments, and like Watson, they have become impatient. Yet, because of their concern for the environment, they will act to protect it.
Câu hỏi số 1:
According to the reading, environmental activist is someone who_____
Câu hỏi số 2:
When something is controversial,_______
Câu hỏi số 3:
The members of a ship’s crew are________
Câu hỏi số 4:
The main idea of paragraph 1 is that______
Câu hỏi số 5:
The Sea Shepherd was hunting________
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author implies that Paul Watson lives in________
Câu hỏi số 7:
The captain and the crew of the Sierra were acting illegally because_________
Câu hỏi số 8:
In paragraph 3, the phrase “and froze it” refers to_________
Câu hỏi số 9:
The main idea of paragraph 3 is that_______
Câu hỏi số 10:
Watson ran into the Sierra because_______
Bài 129:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The White House, the official home of the United States President, was not built in time for George Washington to live in it. It was begun in l792 and was ready for its first inhabitants, President and Mrs. John Adams, who moved in on November 1, 1800. When the Adamses moved in, the White House was not yet complete, and the Adamses suffered many inconveniences; for example, the main staircase was incomplete, which hindered movement from floor to floor, and the future laundry yard was merely a pool of mud, so wet laundry was hung in the unfinished East Room to dry. Thomas Jefferson, the third president, improved the comfort of the White House in many respects and added new architectural features such as the terraces on the east and west ends.
When the British forces burned the White House on August 24, l8l4, President Madison was forced to leave. All the remained after the fire was the exterior walls, the interior was completely destroyed. It was not until December of l8l7 that the following president, James Monroe, was able to move into a rebuilt residence. Since then, the White House has continued to be modified but has been continuously occupied by each succeeding US president.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title of this text?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Why did George Washington not live in the White House?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “inhabitants” in paragraph I is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be inferred from the passage that John Adamses was______
Câu hỏi số 5:
What of the White House was not yet complete when the Adamses moved in?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author most likely discusses the “staircase” in paragraph 1 in order to_____
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “forces” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by_____
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson’s tenure in the White House?
Câu hỏi số 9:
According to the passage, when James Monroe came to the White House, it hadbeen________
Câu hỏi số 10:
The paragraph following the passage likely discusses_______
Bài 130:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct anstver to each of the questions.
In addition to the greatest ridges and volcanic chains, the oceans conceal another form of undersea mountains: the flat-topped seamount. No marine geologist even suspected the existence of these isolated mountains until they were discovered by geologist Harry H. Hess in 1946. He was serving at the time as a naval officer on a ship equipped with a fathometer. Hess named these truncated peaks after the nineteenth-century Swiss-born geologist Arnold Guyot, who had served on the faculty of Princeton University for thirty years. Since then hundreds of guyots have been discovered in every ocean but the Arctic. Like offshore canyons, guyots present a challenge to oceanograpliic theory. They are believed to be extinct volcanoes. Their flat tops indicate that they once stood above or just below the surface, where the action of waves leveled off their peaks. Yet today, by definition, their summits are at least 600 feet below the surface, and some are as deep as 8,200 feet. Most lie between 3,200 and 6,500 feet deep. Their tops are not really flat but slope upward to a low pinnacle at the center dredeing from the tops of guyots which have recovered basalt and coral rubble, and that would be expected from the eroded tops of what were once islands. Some of this material is over 80 million years old. Geologists think the drowning of the guyots involved two processes: the great weight of the volcanic mountains depressed by the sea íloor rose beneath them, and the level of the sea rose a number of times, especially when the last Ice Age ended, some 8,000 to 11,000 years ago.
Notes:
- seamount (n): is a mountain rising from tlie ocean sea floor that does not reach to the water’s surface (sea level).
- guyot (n): an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount), with
a flat top over 200 meters below the surface of the sea.
- pinnacle (n): the top part of a mountain.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “conceal” is closest in meaning to _________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The passage implies that guyots were first detected by means of ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The author indicates that Arnold Guyot __________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
What does the passage say about the Arctic?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The author states that offshore canyons and guyots have which of the following characteristics in common?
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, most guyots are found at a depth of ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “rubble”?
Câu hỏi số 9:
According to the passage, which of the following two processes were involved in the submersion of guyots?
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, when did sea level significantly rise?
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