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Bài 356:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
MODERN SURGERY
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery — cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the twentieth century there was little specialisation in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is Crations are now being carried out that were not even dreamedof 60 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. Homiever, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with stimulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few years ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidney's have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved.
'Spare parts' surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you. 'Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.'
Câu hỏi số 1:
Most people are afraid of being operated on_________.
Câu hỏi số 2:
Surgeons in the early years of the 20th century, compared with modern ones,____________________.
Câu hỏi số 3:
Open heart surgery has been possible______________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
A patient can still live a comfortable and satisfactory life, even after the removal of_____________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
Modern surgeons___________________.
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word irrational in the passage can best be replaced by___________________.
Câu hỏi số 7:
Some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery include__________________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
The main difficulty with organ transplants is______________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
'Spare parts' surgery_______________________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means_______________________.
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