Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 41:
Read the passage below and decide which answer ( A, B, C or D)best fits each space:
Mount Everestis the highest mountain in the world. It is in theHimalayanMountainsbetweenNepalandChina, and it is 8,900 meters high. Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay fromNepalwere the first people ever to climbMount Everest. They climbed it in 1953. Since then, men from different countries have been (33) _____ in climbing it.
However, the first woman to make this difficult climb was Junko Tabei, a (34) _____ Japanese woman from Hokkaido. She was a housewife but really interested in climbing mountains. She earned money for her trips (35) _____ English and piano to young children.
In 1975, aTokyonewspaper-television company organized theMount Everestclimb for women. They chose fifteen women from mountaineering clubs to go toNepal. The groups climbed for several days. Then there was an avalanche, and most of the women were (36) _____. Only Ms. Tabei was able to climb the last 70 meters and stand on the top of the world. She was the first woman there.
Câu hỏi số 1:
_________(33)
Câu hỏi số 2:
_________(34)
Câu hỏi số 3:
_________(35)
Câu hỏi số 4:
_________(36)
Bài 42:
Read the passage and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer A, B, C, or D that you think fits best.
Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we do not realize just how useful this discovery has been. Steam was the first invention that replaced wind power. It was used to drive engines and was passed through pipes and radiators to warm rooms. Petrol mixed with air was the next invention that provided power. Exploded in a cylinder, it drove a motor engine. Beyond these simple and direct uses, those forms have not much adaptability.
On the other hand, we make use of electricity in thousands of ways. From the powerful voltages that drive our electric trains to the tiny current needed to work in a simple calculator, and from the huge electric magnet in steel works that can lift 10 tons to the tiny electric magnet in a doorbell, all are powered by electricity. An electric current can be made with equal ease to heat the huge mass of molten metal in a furnace, or to boil a jug for a cup of coffee.
Other than atomic energy, which has not as yet been harnessed to the full, electricity is the greatest power in the world. It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted. It travels so easily and with incredible speed along wires or conductors that it can be supplied instantly over vast distances.
To generate electricity, huge turbines or generators must be turned. In Australia, they use coal or water to drive this machinery. When dams are built, falling water is used to drive the turbines without polluting the atmosphere with smoke from coal.
Atomic power is used in several countries but there is always fear of an accident. A tragedy once occurred atChernobyl, in Ukraine, at an atomic power plant used to make electricity. The reactor leaked, which caused many deaths through radiation.
Now scientists are examining new ways of creating electricity without harmful effects to the environment. They may harness the tides as they flow in and out of bays. Most importantly, they hope to trap sunlight more efficiently. We do use solar heaters for swimming pools but as yet improvement in the capacity of the solar cells to create more current is necessary. When this happens, electric cars will be viable and the world will rid itself of the toxic gases given off by trucks and cars that burn fossil fuels.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The author mentions the sources of energy such as wind, steam, petrol in the first paragraph to ___.
Câu hỏi số 2:
Before electricity, what was sometimes passed through pipes to heat rooms?
Câu hỏi số 3:
What does the author mean by saying that electricity is flexible?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What do we call machines that make electricity?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The main forms of power used to generate electricity in Australia are ___.
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word they in the last paragraph refers to ___.
Câu hỏi số 7:
Electric magnets are used in steel works to ___.
Câu hỏi số 8:
The advantage of harnessing the power of the tides and of sunlight to generate electricity is that they ___.
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following power sources causes pollution by emitting harmful gases?
Câu hỏi số 10:
The best title for this passage could be ___.
Bài 43:
Read the passage and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer A, B, C, or D that you think fits best.
Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.
Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection.
Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased.
Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following is the author’s main point?
Câu hỏi số 2:
According to the passage, what is noise?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Why is noise difficult to measure?
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word congested in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ___.
Câu hỏi số 5:
It can be inferred from the passage that the eye ___.
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, people respond to loud noises in the same way that they respond to ___.
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word accelerate in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___.
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word it in the first paragraph refers to ___.
Câu hỏi số 9:
With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
Câu hỏi số 10:
The phrase as well in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___.
Bài 44:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—an estimated 90 percent of the world’s species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.
For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour’s walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.
A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly “personal communication” citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “consequence” in line 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they ________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “striking” in line 7 is closest in meaning to________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “exceed” in line 10 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
All of the followings are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 16-17 as an example of a location where ________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “generated” in line 24 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Bài 45:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the author mean by staring that, “At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen” in lines 8- 9?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “Here” in line 9 refers to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “derived” in line 13 is closest in meaning to________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in line 14-15?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person’s _________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide ________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “drastically” in line 21 is closest in meaning to________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “evidenced” in line 22 is closest in meaning to ________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
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