Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
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Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 51:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer.
Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely. The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.
Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood. They reach their peak at the time of maturity, or early adulthood. After that, they begin to decline. Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle. In the aged, the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible. This can make moving very painful.
All the major organs of the body show signs of aging. The brain, for example, works less efficiently, and even gets smaller in size. Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down. Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events.
One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the rest of body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged. It may, for example, result in heart attack.
Aging is not a uniform process. Different parts of the body wear out at different rates. There are great differences among people in their rate of aging. Even the cells of the body differ in the way they age. The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime. Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they wear out.
Gerontologists - scientists who study the process of aging-believe this wearing out of the body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the word "it" in line 2 refer to?
Câu hỏi số 3:
All of the followings may be the outward signs of aging EXCEPT ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
When does the human body begin to lose vigor and the ability to function efficiently?
Câu hỏi số 5:
What happens to memorization when the brain begins to age?
Câu hỏi số 6:
What does "aging is not a uniform process" mean?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word "brittle" as used in the second paragraph means ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, what condition is responsible for many of the diseases of the old?
Câu hỏi số 9:
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
Bài 52:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
ACID DUST
Calcite-containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle-calcium nitrate. These nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those of the originally dry dust particles. Due to this, climate models need to be updated to reflect this chemistry. Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel, where this past winter scientists collected particles for analysis.
Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown in from the northern shores of Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel. The particles had combined with air containing pollutants that came from Cairo. They analyzed nearly 2,000 individual particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory.
An important change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they absorb water and retain moisture. These particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new wild card to deal with. Other studies of dust samples from the Sahara and the Saudi Arabian coast and loess from China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral, the more reactive they are with nitric acid. In fact, once the particle is changed, it stays that way.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Why do climate models need to be updated to reflect the chemistry of calcium nitrate?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Do the particles react with nitric acid?
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following may be a result of these particles?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to:
Câu hỏi số 7:
In the scientists' research, where did the pollutants come from originally?
Câu hỏi số 8:
It can be inferred that "retain" in the paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to:
Câu hỏi số 9:
What is the purpose of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 10:
In the third paragraph, what does the term "wild card" mean?
Bài 53:
Read the following passage and choose the correct answers A, B, C or D to each question.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing inMinneapolis as it does inMadagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland , Sumatra ,the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea , and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses – especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while inChina it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “evolved” in line 3 is closest in meaning to ______________.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The biggest difference lies in ________________.
Câu hỏi số 3:
Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to ________________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
Smiles and frowns ________________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
The phrase “this evidence” in line 24 refers to ________________.
Câu hỏi số 6:
Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether _____________.
Câu hỏi số 7:
Young children ________________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, we respond to others by ______________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
The best title for the passage is ________________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of ________________.
Bài 54:
Read the following passage and choose the correct answers A, B, C or D to each question from 61 to 70.
Last week I went to visit Atlantic college, an excellent private college inWales. Unusually, it gives young people much needed (61) _____ of life outside the classroom, as well as the (62) _____ to study for their exams. The students, who are aged between 16 and 18 and come from all over the world, spend the morning studying. In the afternoon they go out and do a really (63) _______ activity, such as helping on the farm, looking after people with learning (64) _______ , or checking for pollution in rivers. One of the great things aboutAtlanticCollegestudents is that they come from many different social (65) _____ and countries. As few can (66) ______ the fee of £20,000 over two years, grants are available. A quarter of the students are British, and many of those can only attend because they receive government help.
“I really (67) _____ the college for trying to encourage international understanding (68) ______ young people”, as Barbara Molenkamp, a student from theNetherlands, said “You learn to live with people and (69) _____ them. Even the ones you don’t like. During the summer holidays my mother couldn’t believe how much (70) ______ I argued with my sister.”
Câu hỏi số 1:
_______(61)
Câu hỏi số 2:
_______(62)
Câu hỏi số 3:
_______(63)
Câu hỏi số 4:
_______(64)
Câu hỏi số 5:
_______(65)
Câu hỏi số 6:
_______(66)
Câu hỏi số 7:
_______(67)
Câu hỏi số 8:
_______(68)
Câu hỏi số 9:
_______(69)
Câu hỏi số 10:
_______(70)
Bài 55:
Read the following passage and choose the correct answers A, B, C or D to each question.
During the heyday of the railroads, when America’s rail system provided the bulk of the country’s passenger and freight transportation, various types of railroad cars were in service to accomplish the various tasks handled by the railroads. One type of car that was not available for public use prior to the Civil War, however was a sleeping car, ideas for sleeping cars abounded at the time, but these ideas were unworkable. It unfortunately took the death of a president to make the sleeping car a viable reality.
Cabinet-maker George M. Pullman had recognized the demand for sleeping cars and had worked on developing experimental models of sleeping cars in the decade leading up to the Civil War. However, in spite of the fact that he had made successful test runs on the Chicago and Alton Railroads with his models, he was unable to sell his idea because his models were too wide and too high for existing train stations and bridges. In 1863, after spending time working as a storekeeper in a Colorado mining town, he invested his saving of twenty thousand dollars, a huge fortune at that time and on the money that he had in the world. In a luxurious sleeping car that he named the Pioneer. Pullman and friend Ben Field built the Pioneer on the site of the present-day Chicago Union Station. For two years, however, the Pioneer sat on a railroad siding, useless because it could not fit through train stations and over bridges.
Following President Lincoln’s assassination in 1865, the state ofIllinois,Lincoln’s birthplace, wanted to transport the presidential casket in the finest fashion possible. The Pullman Pioneer was the most elegant car around; in order to make the Pullman part of the presidential funeral train in its run fromSpringfieldtoChicago, the state cut down station platforms and raised bridges in order to accommodate the luxurious railway car. The Pullman car greatly impressed the funeral party, which includedLincoln’s successor as president, General Ulysses S. Grant, and Grant later requested the Pioneer for a trip fromDetroittoChicago. To satisfy Grant’s request for the Pioneer, the Michigan Central Railroad made improvements on its line to accommodate the wide car, and soon other railroads followed. George Pullman founded the Pullman Palace Car Company in partnership with financier Andrew Carnegie and eventually became a millionaire.
Câu hỏi số 1:
This passage would most likely be assigned in which of the following courses?
Câu hỏi số 2:
A “heyday” in line 1 is most probably a _____.
Câu hỏi số 3:
Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What was the initial problem that madePullman’s cars unusable? - They were too _________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
What is stated the most importantly in the passage about George Pullman?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “site” in line 13 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 7:
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Civil War, sleeping cars _________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
It can be inferred from the passage that theMichiganCentre Railroad __________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “test” in line 8 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Why did the state ofIllinoiswant to use thePullmaninLincoln’s funeral train?
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