Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 66:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Every year a group of birdwatchers assembles in an Indian swamp to count Siberian cranes, a species celebrated by ancient Persian poets as "the Great Northern Princess" and now more likely to be shot out of the sky and roasted for dinner. At most, only 200 are left in the wild. A "western flock" of birds breeds in the Russian tundra and migrates 6,000 miles to wintering grounds in northern India while the larger eastern flock more sensibly opts for China.
With that unerring instinct for self-destruction characteristic of so many endangered species, the western 6 flock flies straight across the most turbulent areas of Iran and Afghanistan, where trigger-happy soldiers find the large, slow flying birds irresistible for target practice and the pot.
Meanwhile villagers in northern Pakistan have taken to crane-hunting. Nearly 6,000 cranes are held in captivity, according to the World Wildlife Fund, most of them are demoiselle or common cranes. Some of them act as decoys to attract the migrants, which are caught in flight by teams of hunters using soias, crude flying snares of lead-weighted cords. In skilled hands, a sofa can bring down a crane from 100ft. More happily, recent reports suggest that some of the birds, their wings clipped to prevent escape, have adapted surprisingly well to their homes and have bred.
Other, more orthodox captive-breeding programs have been supplemented with a range of weird and wonderful experiments: eggs produced by captive cranes have been distributed among nests in the northern tundra, and small radio transmitters have been fitted to the birds' legs to help scientists trace the vicissitudes of migration. Some Indian conservationists are convinced, however, that it is too late to save the western flock, which could cease to migrate altogether by the end of the century. 'The increasing number of obstacles the birds meet in their flight south — hunters, new industrialized areas, the disappearance of water-holes - will finally stop the migration and the cranes will be condemned to die from the cold in Siberia," - the Indian Association for the Protection of Nature have warned.
The World Wildlife Fund believes seven of the 15 species of crane to be in danger of extinction, primarily because so many of their wetland habitats have been destroyed. Several species have recovered spectacularly after becoming national causes celebres among them the American whooping crane and the Manchurian, or red crest, crane of Japan. But as marshlands in eastern I4okkaido continue to be drained, this bird's future still hangs in the balance.
Though few Japanese have ever seen a live tancho its potency as a symbol in contemporary Japan is such that it crops up everywhere, from wedding gowns to the national airline. The ultimate humiliation fora dying species, surely, to serve as decoration for the forces that are wiping it out.
Câu hỏi số 1:
During migration ______.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The Western flock of cranes ________.
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word "crops up" in line 29 is closest in meaning to ________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
Siberian cranes ________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
All of the following are the danger to cranes of the western flock on their flight south EXCEPT________.
Câu hỏi số 6:
Which of the following words is defined in the passage?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The main reason for the danger to cranes ________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
It can be inferred from what is stated in the last sentence that ________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
Birds held in captivity ________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
While flying across Iran and Afghanistan cranes of the western flock ________.
Bài 67:
Read the following passage on the development of the postal system in the USA, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the questions.
In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient, and the charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the US Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of the individual letters.
In 1847 the US Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not want to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 1500,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, II during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-legal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.
Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the USA, fewer than million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word "they" in line 14 refers to__________.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word "cumbersome" in line 12 is closest in meaning to ______.
Câu hỏi số 3:
In 1863 the US government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word "confined ” in line 19 is closest in meaning to ______.
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word "eligible " in line 21 could best be replaced by________.
Câu hỏi số 6:
The phrase "mail carriers" in line 3 could be replaced by_____.
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The private postal services claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Why does the author mention the city of Philadelphia in line 9?
Câu hỏi số 10:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Bài 68:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 70.
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. He was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities, and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840. daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous people. The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of a war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
In the 18805, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready-made in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places. They called these pictures "snapshots".
Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used them. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.
Some people began to think of photography as a form of art. They thought that photography could do more than show the real world. It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
From “Reading Power” by Beatrice S. Mikulecky and Linda Jeffries.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The first photograph was taken with______
Câu hỏi số 2:
Daguerre took a picture of his studio with_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “this” in the passage refers to the______
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “lifelike” in the passage is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 6:
The latest invention mentioned in the passage is the invention of_______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “handheld” in the passage is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 8:
Matthew Brady was well-known for_____
Câu hỏi số 9:
As mentioned in the passage, photography can______
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?
Bài 69:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 55.
Archimedes‘ Principle is a law of physics that states that when an object is totally or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. The principle is most frequently applied to the behaviour of objects in water, and helps to explain floating and sinking, and why objects seem lighter in water. It also applies to balloons.
The key word in the principle is “upthrust”, which refers to the force acting upward to reduce the apparent weight of the object when it is under water. If, for example. a metal block with a volume of 100 cm is dipped in water, it displaces an equal volume of water, which has a weight of approximately 1 N (3.5 oz). The block therefore seems to weigh about 1 N less.
An object will float if its average density is less than that of water. If it is totally submerged, the weight of the water it displace (and hence the upthrust on it) is greater than its own weight, and it is forced upward and out of the water, until the weight of the water displaced by the submerged part is exactly equal to the weight of the floating object. Thus a block of wood with a density six tenths that of water will float with six tenths of its volume under water, since at that point the weight of fluid displaced is the same as the block’s own weight. If a dense material is made into a suitable shape, it will float because of Archimedes’ principle. A ship floats, whereas a block of iron of the same mass sinks.
It is also because of Archimedes’ principle that ships float lower in the water when they are heavily loaded (more water must be displaced to give the necessary upthrust). In addition, they cannot be so heavily loaded if they are to sail in fresh water as they can if they are to sail in the sea, since fresh water is less dense than sea water, and so more water must be displaced to give the necessary upthrust. This means the ship is lower in the water, which can be dangerous in rough weather.
From "Archimedes Principle". Microsoft Student 2008 [DVD]. Microsoft Corporation, 2007.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What happens when something is immersed in a fluid?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “volume” in the passage refers to ______
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “displace” in the passage almost means_____
Câu hỏi số 4:
If an object’s average density is less than that of water, the object will_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
A block of wood with a density seven tenths that of water will_____
Câu hỏi số 6:
A ship floats, whereas a block of iron of the same mass sinks because the ship____
Câu hỏi số 7:
The phrase "six tenths" in the passage means
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “upthrust” in the passage refers to the_____
Câu hỏi số 9:
Ships cannot be so heavily loaded if they want to sail in fresh water as they sail in the sea, because______
Câu hỏi số 10:
Archimedes’ Principle explains why______
Bài 70:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
While many nineteenth-century reformers hoped to bring about reform through education or by eliminating specific social evils, some thinkers wanted to start over and remake society by founding ideal, cooperative communities. The United States seemed to them a spacious and unencumbered country where models of a perfect society could succeed. These communitarian thinkers hoped their success would lead to imitation, until communities free of crime, poverty, and other social ills would cover the land. A number of religious groups, notably the Shakers, practiced communal living, but the main impetus to found model communities came from nonreligious, rationalistic thinkers.
Among the communitarian philosophers, three of the most influential were Robert Owen, Charles Fourier and John Humphrey Noyes Owen, famous for his humanitarian policies as owner of several thriving textile mills in Scotland, believed that faulty environment was to blame for human problems and that these problems could be eliminated in a rationally planned society. In 1825 he put his principles into practice at New Harmony, Indiana. The community failed economically after a few years but not before achieving a number of social successes. Fourier, a commercial employee in France, never visited the United States. However, his theories of cooperative living influenced many Americans through the writings of Albert Brisbane, whose Social Destiny of Man explained Fourier-ism and its self-sufficient associations or “phalanxes”. One or more of these phalanxes was organized in every Northern state. The most famous were Red Bank, New Jersey, and Brook Farm, Massachusetts. An early member of the latter was the author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Noyes founded the most enduring and probably the oddest of the utopian communities, the Oneida Community of upstate New York. Needless to say, none of these experiments had any lasting effects on the patterns of American society.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The main topic of the passage is _______.
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as one of the general goals of communitarian philosophers?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The Shakers are mentioned in line 6 as an example of_______.
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word impetus in line 7?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The “phalanxes” described in the second paragraph were an idea originally conceived by_______.
Câu hỏi số 6:
Why does the author mention Nathaniel Hawthorne in line 18?
Câu hỏi số 7:
Which of the following communities lasted longest?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word oddest in line 19 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 9:
The author implies that, for readers, the conclusion of the passage is __________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
Why did the author probably divide the passage into two paragraphs?
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