Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 131:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Before man had flown in space, it was thought that his physical and mental capabilities might be affected by long periods of weightlessness, and that he might be endangered by high levels of radiation. Yuri Gagarin’s first space flight in April 1961 showed that man could live in space and although this journey only lasted for 108 minutes, it gave encouragement to those interested in the future of manned space flight. In fact, most of the early fears about man‘s health in space have proved groundless, and although several odd medical effects have been observed, none has seriously affected man’s ability for useful work. All astronauts undergo strenuous training to prepare them for the experience of space flight but, despite this, most astronauts suffer from space sickness, soon wears off, and there appears to be no medical reason “my man cannot live in space for long periods of time. A constant check is kept on the health of all astronauts during their mission. Small medical detectors which monitor their heart beats, pulse rates, breathing and temperatures are taped to their bodies.
All food eaten in space so far has been prepared on Earth. The alternative possibilities of making food from waste products or growing it in space have received little serious consideration. The first space foods were simply baby foods. In the first American space flights, astronauts ate natural foods in dried bite-sized squares or in a form that could be mixed with cold water and squeezed into the mouth. The squares were coated to prevent them from breaking up into small pieces. and their comers were rounded to prevent them cutting the astronauts‘ mouths. Later astronauts ate “sticky” foods with a spoon, and hot as well as cold water was available for making up the dried meals. These two developments have made eating in space much more pleasant.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “strenuous” is closest in meaning to____
Câu hỏi số 2:
How is the health of human beings affected in space?
Câu hỏi số 3:
How has space food improved since the first space flights?
Câu hỏi số 4:
All of the following sentences are true EXCEPT_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
Before Yuri Gagarin’s first space flight,______
Câu hỏi số 6:
For many astronauts, space sickness______
Câu hỏi số 7:
What do we learn of early space food?
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “wears off’ is closest in meaning to_______
Câu hỏi số 9:
Astronauts’ health is constantly checked by______
Câu hỏi số 10:
Yuri Gagarin’s first space flight showed______
Bài 132:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
PAPER
Paper is everywhere. We use it for homework, money, checks, books, letters, wallpaper, and greeting cards. We have paper towels, napkin plates, cups, and tissues. We print the news every day on nevvspapers. Our history and knowledge is written on paper. Without paper, our lives would be eompletely different.
From the beginning of time, people have tried to record their thoughts and lives. The earliest humans drew pictures on cave walls. Later, people use large pieces of clay to write on. Almost 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians wrote on pieces of plants called papyrus. Papyrus was used throughout the ancient world of the Mediterranean for thousands of years. Eventually, it was replaced by parchment. Parchment vvas made from animal skins. It was stronger and lasted longer than any other material.
The Chinese rrade the first reading paper in the year AD 105. They mixed tree bark and small pieces of old cloth with water. They used a screen to remove the thin, wet picce of paper. Then they let the paper dry in the sun. The Chinese kept papermakina a secret until after 751, in that year there was a war between the Chinese and the Muslims. Many Chinese papermakers were taken away from China to live in Muslim countries. The art of papermaking soon spread throughout the Muslim world. Finally, by the end of the twelfth century, papermaking reaclied Europe. The first paper made in Europe was in Spain in 1151.
The first important improvement on the Chinese method of papermaking was in France in 1798. A man named Nicholas Louis Robert invented a machine for making paper. His machine could make paper much faster than one person could by hand. However, his machine was not very successful. About ten years later, an Englishman improved on Robert's machine and began producing paper.
The most important improvement in papermaking also happened in France. A scientist observed a wasp making its nest. The wasp chewed up pieces of wood, mixed it with the chemicals in its mouth, and made a paper nest. The scientist realized that peopie could make paper from wood, too.
Finally, a machine was invented for grinding wood into pulp to use for making paper. Today, the principal ingredient in paper is wood pulp. It is made by machine. There are also other kinds of paper made from rice, wheat, cotton. corn, and other plants. Paper from wood pulp is the most common. Canada and the United States are the world leaders in paper production, due to the qưantity of wood that is available in the forests of these two countries.
Because paper is made of wood, many people are becoming concemed that too many trees are being chopped down every year in order to produce paper. Trees are an important part of the environment. As a result, many companies that produce paper are using old paper instead of new wood pulp to make paper. This method of using old products again instead of simply throwing them away is called recycling. Recycling paper helps reduce the number of trees that are used every year. Many people also try to use less paper in their daily lives. They use both sides of a sheet paper instead of just one. They use cloth handkerchiefs instead of paper tissues. There are also special containers in many schools and public places where people can put used paper instead of throwing it into the garbage can. Then this paper is collected to be recycled.
Whether we use it a little or a lot, paper has an important place in our lives. The books we read and write are made of paper. Our history and scientific and scientific inventions have all been recorded on paper. This, however, is changing. Other methods of storing information are becoming common. Computer faxes, electronic mail and the Internet are only three examples of technology that have replaced paper. Who knows, perhaps one day people will not use paper to write at all!
Câu hỏi số 1:
In order to record their thoughts and lives, the earliest humans ________.
Câu hỏi số 2:
Papyrus was_____ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
Parchment was used to write on because __________ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
The Chinese kept papermaking a secret __________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The Chinese secret of papermaking was discovered __________ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
The Chinese method of papermaking was first improved by _______ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
Paper was first made from wood pulp __________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
The United States and Canada ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
Some people think that producing a lot of paper is not good because ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
Bài 133:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial organism that has been isolated from sea level, shellfish, finfish, plankton, and salt springs. It has been a major cause of food poisoning in Japan, compelling the Japanese to do several studies on it. It can be found in north and central Pacific, with the highest abundance in inshore waters, particularly in or near large harbors.
A man named Nishio studied the relationship between the chloride content of sea water and the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and concluded that while the isolation of the organism was independent of the sodium chloride content, the distribution of the bacteria in sea water was dependent on the water temperature. In fact, it has been isolated in high frequencies during summer, from June to September, but was not isolated with the same frequency in winter.
Within four or five days after eating contaminated foods, a person will begin to experience diarrhea. the most common symptom. This will very often be accompanied by stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Headache and fever, with or without chills, may also be experienced.
Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following locations would be most likely to have a high concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “inshore” in paragraph I is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to_______
Câu hỏi số 4:
The safest time for eating seafood in the north Pacific is probably_____
Câu hỏi số 5:
The most common symptom of Vibrio parahaemolyticus poisoning is______
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “This" in paragraph 3 refers to______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The incubation period for this illness is_______
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “contaminated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 9:
Nishio’s study showed that the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was_____
Câu hỏi số 10:
The word “isolation” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____
Bài 134:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods - a term whose meaning varies greatly frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting of entirely organically grown foods prevents or cures disease provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.
Almost daily, the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins, and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.
One thing that most organically grown food products seen to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases, consumers misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “advocates” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word ‘“others“ in paragraph 1 refers to_____
Câu hỏi số 3:
The ‘welcome development” mentioned in paragraph 2 is an increase in______
Câu hỏi số 4:
According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the tem“organic food"?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The phrase “besieged by claims” in paragraph 3 can be understood as________
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “unsubstantiated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “maintain” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 8:
The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because______
Câu hỏi số 9:
According to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally grown foods are often________
Câu hỏi số 10:
What is the author’s attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?
Bài 135:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface, deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil gas industry, the Dad’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger’s core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger’s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world’s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change - information that may be used to predict future climates.
Notes:
- void (n): khoảng không trống rỗng
- sediment (n): (địa chất, địa lý) trầm tích ( như cát, sạn, bùn...)
- tectonics (n): (địa chất, địa lý) kiến tạo học
Câu hỏi số 1:
The author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier” because it______
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word “inaccessible” is closest meaning to______
Câu hỏi số 3:
The author mention outer space in the first paragraph because______
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?
Câu hỏi số 5:
The word “extracting" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 6:
The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was______
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “strength” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to_______
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to_______
Câu hỏi số 9:
The DSDP can be said to be _______in terms of geological exploration.
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?
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