Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Đánh giá năng lực Hà Nội
Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 16:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds – any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede farming. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.
The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them. In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world’s weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.
The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.
Câu hỏi số 1:
With what topic does this passage primarily deal?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The word ‘marring’ in bold is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word ‘clog’ in bold is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 4:
Which of the following terms does the author define in the first paragraph?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following statements about the use of chemical agents as herbicides would the author most likely agree?
Câu hỏi số 6:
Which of the following is NOT given as an advantage of using biological agents over chemical herbicides?
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word ‘innate’ in bold is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 8:
According to the passage, biological agents mainly consist of
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word ‘applications’ in bold could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
Bài 17:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in1928 marked the political ascendancy of the “common man” in American politics. Whereas all previous presidents had been Easterners from well-to-do families, Jackson was a self-made man of modest wealth from the West. Born in 1767, Jackson fought in the American Revolution, in which many of his relatives died. Afterwards, he studied law and moved to the Western District of North California. When that territory became the state of Tennessee, Jackson was elected the state’s first congressman. His name became a household word during the war of 1812, when, as a U.S Army major general, he led troops against the Creek Indians in the Mississippi Territory and later defeated the British at New Orleans.
After his presidential inauguration, Jackson rode on horseback to the White House to attend a private party. Crowds of well-wishers suddenly appeared at the reception and nearly destroyed the White House as they tried to glimpse the new president. The common man had made a dramatic entrance onto the national political scene.
Jackson’s two terms moved American society toward truer democracy. Many states abandoned property requirements for voting. Elected officialsbegan to act more truly as representatives of the people than as their leaders. As president of the common man, Jackson waged a war against the Bank of the United States, vetoing the bill that re-chartered the institution, declaring it a dangerous monopoly that profited the wealthy few.
Although he had built his reputation as an Indian fighter during the War of 1812, Jackson was not an Indian hater. He adopted what was at the time considered an enlightened solution to the Indian problem-removal. Many tribes submitted peacefully to being moved to the West. Others were marched by force to the Indian Territory, under brutal conditions, along what the Cherokees called the Trail of Tears.
One of Andrew Jackson’s most enduring legacies was the Democratic Party, which under him became a highly organized political party. In opposition to the Democrats were the Whigs, a party that attracted supporters of the Bank of the United States and opposed the tyranny of the man called “King Andrew”. A less specific but more basic legacy is the populist philosophy of politics that still bears the name “Jacksonian Democracy.”
Câu hỏi số 1:
The author’s perspective toward Andrew Jackson could be best described as_______.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The phrase ‘became the household word” in paragraph 1 means that__________.
Câu hỏi số 3:
The author suggests that Jackson’s election and inauguration __________.
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “institution” in paragraph 3 refers to__________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
According to the passage, why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, Jackson’s policy toward American Indians was__________.
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “brutal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “legacy” in lines 22 and 25 in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_____
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is NOT attributed to Andrew Jackson?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following could NOT be inferred about Andrew Jackson?
Bài 18:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The initial contact between American Indians and European settlers usually involved trade, whereby Indians acquired tools and firearms and the Europeans obtained furs. These initial events usually pitted Indian tribes against each other as they competed for the European trade and for the lands containing fur-producing animals. When the furs had been depleted, the Europeans began a campaign to obtain the lands the Indians occupied. The Indians often formed confederations and alliances to fight back the Europeans; however, the Indians’ involvement in the white people’s wars usually disrupted these confederations. Indians resisted the attempts by the whites to displace them. They fought defensive wars such as the Black Hawk War in 1832. Indian uprisings also occurred, like the Sioux uprising in the 1860s.
Despite the resistance of the Indians, the Europeans were destined to win the conflict. After Indian resistance was crushed, the whites legitimized the taking of Indian lands by proposing treaties, frequently offering gifts to Indian chiefs to get them sign the treaties. Once an Indian group had signed a treaty, the whites proceeded to remove them from their land. Often the Indians were forced west of the Mississippi into Indian Territory-land the whites considered uninhabitable. If only a few Indians remained after the conquest, they were often absorbed by local tribes or forced onto reservations.
No aspect of American history is more poignant than the accounts of the forced removal of Indians across the continent. As white settlers migrated farther west, Indians were forced to sign new treaties giving up the lands earlier treaties had promised them. Some Indian tribes, realizing the futility of resistance, accepted their fate and moved westward without force. The Winnebagos, who offered little resistance, were shifted from place to place between 1829 and 1866. About half of them perished during their perpetual sojourn. Other tribes, however, bitterly resisted. The Seminoles signed a treaty in 1832 but violently resisted removal. Hostilities broke out in 1835 and continued for seven years. The United States government lost nearly 1,500 men and spent over $50 million in its attempts to crush Seminole resistance. Most of Seminoles were eventually forced to Indian Territory. However, several hundred remained in the Florida Everglades, where their descendants live today.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the author mean by the phrase “pitted Indian tribes against each other”?
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “legitimized “in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to__________
Câu hỏi số 4:
It can be concluded from the lines 9-11 that__________.
Câu hỏi số 5:
The author makes the point that Indian Territory was__________.
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, which of the following did NOT happen?
Câu hỏi số 7:
In lines 15-17, the author implies that__________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
he word “futility” could be best replaced by__________.
Câu hỏi số 9:
The word “perpetual” in paragraph3 is closest in meaning to__________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
According to the passage, which tribe did NOT fight against removal?
Bài 19:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 56 to 65.
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness and its originality of perspective. Satire itself, however, rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.
Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift.
It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Câu hỏi số 2:
The last sentence of the first paragraph refers to _______as a result of reading satire.
Câu hỏi số 3:
Don Quixote, Brave New World, and A Modest Proposal are cited by the author as_______.
Câu hỏi số 4:
What satires fascinates readers is how _______.
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?
Câu hỏi số 6:
According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be__________.
Câu hỏi số 7:
The word “refreshing” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “sanctimonious” may be new to you. It most probably means “_______” in this context.
Câu hỏi số 9:
Readers of satiric literature will be most likely to___________.
Câu hỏi số 10:
The various purposes of satire include all of the following EXCEPT_____________
Bài 20:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 55.
A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake, one of the world’s largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warmed by geothermal heat from the earth’s core. The thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from the frigid temperatures on the surface.
The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.
The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarcticais of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “hidden” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
Câu hỏi số 2:
What is true of LakeVostok?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Which of the following is closest in meaning to “frigid” in paragraph 1?
Câu hỏi số 4:
A ll of the following are true about the 1970 survey of AntarcticaEXCEPT that it ______
Câu hỏi số 5:
It can be inferred from the passage that the ice would not be flat if _______.
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “microbes” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by which of the following?
Câu hỏi số 7:
LakeVostokis potentially important to scientists because it
Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “downside” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______
Câu hỏi số 9:
The last paragraph suggests that scientists should be aware of
Câu hỏi số 10:
The purpose of the passage is to______
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