Dạng bài Đọc hiểu lớp 12
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Bài 166:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The photograph shows a tall, blond young man holding what looks like a musical score. His eyes scared, his shoulders rounded and slightly turned away, he appeared to avoid contact with the camera. Found several weeks ago on a windy road beside the sea on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, England, he was dripping wet and apparently very disturbed. He would not answer questions or speak with anyone. He was wearing a black suit and a white shirt, but since all the labels had been mysteriously cut out from his clothes, authorities had no way of even identifying his nationality. Since then he has continued to remain silent, refusing or unable to give information about who he is or where he comes from. He was taken to the accident and emergency department at the Medway Maritime Hospital in Gillingham, but later was moved fo the psychiatric clinic in Dartford, where he continues to baffle doctors.
A spokesman for the hospital says that the first clue to his identity came when someone in the hospital had the idea of leaving him with a piece of paper and pencils and he drew a detailed sketch of a grand piano. Hospital staff then took him to the hospital’s chapel, which contains a piano. He sat appearing calm and relaxed for the first time since he had been found. According to reports from the hospital, he is also a good musician and a pleasure to listen to, even if he tends to play rather melancholy music. One staff member identified a piece from Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake, but acknowledged that she was not an expert in classical music.
According to a social worker assigned to the case, the young man is shy in the extreme and avoids any kind of social interaction. Though interpreters in various northern and central European languages have been called to the hospital to visit him, he has failed to respond to any of them. His photograph has been circulated in newspapers around the world. prompting hundreds of phone calls to the Missing Persons Bureau. However, none of these has provided useful information about his identity. There is, of course, the delicate question of whether the man is really in need of psychiatric care or just pretending to be ill. Doctors at the hospital say that they have no reason not to take him seriously and they have a duty to care for him as long as he needs it.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What can be inferred from the description of the photograph?
Câu hỏi số 2:
Which of the following is True about the man?
Câu hỏi số 3:
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT True?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What can be inferred from the fact that the police brought the man to the hospital?
Câu hỏi số 5:
What do the hospital staff think about the man?
Câu hỏi số 6:
How do the social workers working with the man find him?
Câu hỏi số 7:
How does the man react to various interpreters?
Câu hỏi số 8:
What do many people want to know about the man?
Câu hỏi số 9:
What can we say about the doctors?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Where can the passage be most probably found?
Bài 167:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
Like many other fast-growing cities around the world, Mexico City is facing severe water shortages. Many of its 20 million inhabitants receive only one hour of piped water per week. Others receive none at all for weeks on end. Those who can afford the expense build their own home water system to catch and keep rainwater to supplement the city water. The situation, according to intemational experts, is the result of a combination of factors. First, the system of pipes is old and poorly managed, with the result that the pipes lose almost 40 percent of the water that they distribute aroundthe city. Second, the demand for water, which has grown with the rapid population growth, far exceeds the supply. Furthermore, the water is consumed not only by residents for household use, but also by thirsty industries such as beer-brewers and soft-drink bottlers, and there is little incentive for them to conserve or recycle water.
The current water shortages in Mexico City contrast remarkably with the city's situation in the past. When the Spanish arrived at the Aztec Capital in 1519, they destroyed the buildings, and began draining the water from the lakes to build what became Mexico City. For the next four centuries, the city was able to meet its water needs from springs, shallow wells, and the remaining lake water. In the mid-nineteenth century, the residents of the city began taking water from the underlying aquifer. In the twentieth century, as water needs grew and supplies from the aquifer became inadequate, city authorities brought water up from two nearby river systems. Twenty-five years ago, they began piping in water from 80 miles (130 km) away. Because Mexico City is located on a highland, the water must all be pumped uphill at considerable expense. Related to the shortages is another problem: the city is sinking. Other cities around the world (such as Venice, Italy) are also experiencing this phenomenon, but the situation is most dramatic in Mexico City. Some neighborhoods are going down by as much as 15 inches (40 cm ) a year, or a total of about 30 feet (9.1 m) over the last century. The cause is simply the fact that water is being removed from the aquifers faster than it can be replaced by rainwater. As water ismoved, the spoogy soil rises up and becomes more compact, and the city slow settles down.
The effects are evident. Buildings and streets ha e been damaged by the uneven settling of the city, and so have the water and sewage systems. Since the city is now 6 feet below the level of nearby Lake Texcoco, flooding has become a frequent problem and because of the poor taste of the sewage systems, the flood waters are often full of untreated waste.
Câu hỏi số 1:
The word “supplement” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________ .
Câu hỏi số 2:
One of reasons for the water shortage of Mexico City is __________ .
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “distribute” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
Beer brewers and soft-drink bottlers in Mexico city _________ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
With the rapid population growth, the demand for water _______ the supply.
Câu hỏi số 6:
In the past Mexico City did hardly ________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the author, Mexico City was built on an area which used to be ___________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
Mexico City is situated on highland, so pumping water uphill _________ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
Mexico city is ____ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
The uneven settling of Mexico City has a negative impact on all of the following EXCEPT _________ .
Bài 168:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For obvious ethical reasons, researchers cannot subject human beings to experimental isolation. But research on the effects of social isolation has been conducted on nonhuman primates.
Research with monkeys. Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow (1962) observed rhesus monkeys whose behavior is in some ways surprisingly similar to that of human beings in various conditions of social isolation. They found that complete isolation for a period of even six months was sufficient to cause developmental disturbances. When reintroduced to others of their kind, these monkeys were anxious, fearful, and defenseless against aggression. The Harlows discovered that, when socially isolated for shorter periods of time (about three months), infant monkeys eventually regained normal emotional patterns after rejoining others. But they concluded that longer-term isolation causes irreversible emotional and behavioral damage.
Isolated children. The later development of Anna roughly squares with the Harlows' findings. After her discovery, Anna benefited from extensive social contact and soon showed some improvement. When Kingsley Davis (1940) revisited her after ten days, he noted that she was more alert and displayed some human expression, and even smiled withobvious pleasure. Over the next year, as she experienced the humanizing effects of socialization, Anna showed more interest in other people and gradually gained the ability to walk. After a year and a half, she was able to feed herself, walk alone for short distances, and play with toys. Consistent with the observations of the Harlows, however, it was apparent that Anna’s five years of social isolation had left her permanently damaged. At age eight her mental and social development was still below that of a normal two-year- old. Only as she approached ten did she begin to use language. Of course, since Anna's mother was mentally retard, perhaps Anna was similarly disadvantaged. The riddle was never solved, however, because Anna died at age ten of a blood disorder, possibly related to her years of abuse (Davis, 1940). In a more recent case of childhood isolation, a thirteen-year-old California girl was victimized in a host of ways by her parents from the age of two (Curtiss, 1977; Pines, 1981; Rymer, 1994).
Genie's ordeal included being locked alone in a garage for extended periods. Upon discovery, her condition was similar to that of Anna. Genie was emaciated (weighing only fifty-nine pounds) and had the mentaldevelopment of a one-year-old. She received intensive treatment by specialists and thrived physically. Yet even after years of care, her ability to use language remains that of a young child, and she lives today in a home for developmentally disabled adults. All the evidence points to the crucial role of social experience in personality development. Human beings are resilient creatures, sometimes able to recover from even the crushing experience of prolonged isolation. But there may well be a point-precisely when is unclear from the small number of cases studied-at which isolation in infancy results in damage, including a reduced capacity for language, that cannot be fully repaired.
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does the author say about involving humans in experimental isolation?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does Harlows’ research tell us?
Câu hỏi số 3:
Which of the following can he inferred about Anna?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What is the result that both the case of Anna and the Harlows' research arrive at?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following is true about Anna?
Câu hỏi số 6:
The word “emaciated” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
What can be inferred from the passage?
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is True about social isolation?
Câu hỏi số 9:
What does the word “she” in the last paragraph refer to?
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following can the author most probably agree with?
Bài 169:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings principally from teachers and grammarians, and that dictionaries and grammars are the supreme authority in matters of meaning and usage. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say.
Let us see how dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions. What follows applies, incidentally, only to those dictionary offices where first-hand, original research goes on—not those in which editors simply copy existing dictionaries. The task of writing a dictionary begin with the reading of vast amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. As the editors read the copy on cards every interesting or rare word, every unusual or peculiar occuirence of a common word, a large number of common words in their ordinary uses, and
also the sentences in which each of these words appears. That is to say, the context of each word is collected, along with the word itself. For a really big job of dictionary writing, such as the Oxford English Dictionary millions of such cards are collected, and the task of editing occupies decades. As the cards are collected, they are alphabetized and sorted. When the sorting is completed, there will be for each word anywhere from two to three to several hundred illustrative quotations, each on its card. To define a word, then, the dictionary editor places before him the stack of cards illustrating that word; each of the cards represents an actual use of the word by a writer of some literary or historical importance. He reads the cards carefully, discards some rereads the rest, and divides up the stack according to what he thinks are the several senses of the word. Finally, he writes his definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule that each definition must be based on what the quotation in front of him reveal about the meaning of the word. The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean. He must work according to the cards.
The writing of a dictionary, therefore, is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the "true meanings" of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one's ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictinnary historian, not a lawgiver.[...] To regard the dictionary as an "authority”, therefore, is to credit the dictionary writer with gifts of prophecy which neither he nor anyone else possesses. In choosing our words when we speakor write, we can be guided by the historical record afforded us dictionary, but we cannot be bound by it, because new experiences, new inventions, new feelings, are always compelling us to give new uses to old words.
Câu hỏi số 1:
According to the passage, we learn the meaning of words ______ from teachers and grammarians.
Câu hỏi số 2:
The writer says that few people question by what ________ the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say.
Câu hỏi số 3:
The word “literature” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______ .
Câu hỏi số 4:
Words are_______ .
Câu hỏi số 5:
The process of writing dictionaries can be summarized as _______ .
Câu hỏi số 6:
All of the following is true EXCEPT _________ .
Câu hỏi số 7:
According to the author, the writing of a dictionary ________ .
Câu hỏi số 8:
The author says that the dictionary writer does all of the following EXCEPT_____ .
Câu hỏi số 9:
The phrase “bound by” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ________ .
Câu hỏi số 10:
The passage was written to __________ .
Bài 170:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .
We have heard of children who have imaginary playmates. I get lots of letters trom parents about them and I always say the same thing: don't say there is not one there. What you are putting down to imagination could be a spririt child. One dad wrote to me to say he was getting very worried about his child. He told me his son had an imaginary friend called Robbie, and was I forever saying things like “Don’t set off yet. Robbie is not in the car”. I told him "Your child can actually see that boy. Don’t say anything. He will either grow of it and go on to more worldly things or he will develop into a pcodmedium”.
I was about six or seven when I first saw the spirit children. I’d had theumatic fever and had to be in a pushchair. I don't know how but I knew that many people could not see Christopher and Pansy, I saw them a lot. I could never do maths but Christopher and Pansy helped me pass my exams! So there is nothing frightening about children having imaginary friends, especially if they have been very close. I remember one littte boy telling her mother “You don’t have to turn off the light tonigh, grandmother will do it!” Her mother watched him go upstairs on his own that night and the lights went off! It scares the life out of some parents. But you just have to accept hat his grandmother loved him very much and she had always tucked him in. It was a routine.
Most children are psychic up to the age of 11 or 12. My first psychic experience happened when I was four. There was a fire in the house nearby and all the neighbours were crying because little Tom died in the fire. I saw Tom’s spirit walking around them. When I told my father I saw Tom’s spirit walking he said “If you did then you did!” but mother warned me that I would end up in a mental hospital and I did. Nearly forty years later I was working as a nurse in one!
Câu hỏi số 1:
What does Doris say about imaginary playmates?
Câu hỏi số 2:
What does the word “him” in line 7 of the first paragraph refer to?
Câu hỏi số 3:
What is her advice to the father who wrote her a letter?
Câu hỏi số 4:
What was special about the author’s contact with Pansy and Christopher?
Câu hỏi số 5:
Which of the following is true about the children who have psychic experiences?
Câu hỏi số 6:
What did the mother think when the light went out?
Câu hỏi số 7:
What can be inferred from the passage?
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is true about the author’s father?
Câu hỏi số 9:
Which of the following is True about the author’s mother?
Câu hỏi số 10:
What is the purpose of the passage?
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